{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:49:23Z","timestamp":1790192963290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006004","name":"Tohoku University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:22:14Z","timestamp":1660864934000},"page":"120385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical use of CSF neopterin levels in CNS demyelinating diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"441","author":[{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Miyaue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yamanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8596-7","article-title":"What proportion of AQP4-IgG-negative NMO spectrum disorder patients are MOG-IgG positive? A cross sectional study of 132 patients","volume":"264","author":"Hamid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000583","article-title":"Collaborative international research in clinical and longitudinal experience study in NMOSD","volume":"6","author":"Cook","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww350","article-title":"Distinct brain imaging characteristics of autoantibody-mediated CNS conditions and multiple sclerosis","volume":"140","author":"Jurynczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314005","article-title":"Brain lesion distribution criteria distinguish MS from AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOG-antibody disease","volume":"88","author":"Jury\u0144czyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05671-7","article-title":"Serum neopterin levels in relation to mild and severe COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.1.161","article-title":"Neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum as an aid in differentiating central nervous system and peripheral infections in children","volume":"44","author":"Millner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.5.1285","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin concentrations in central nervous system infection","volume":"168","author":"Hagberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002479","article-title":"CSF CXCL10, CXCL9, and neopterin as candidate prognostic biomarkers for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis","volume":"7","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75500-z","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"10","author":"Molero-Luis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0050","first-page":"76","article-title":"Intrathecal production of neopterin in aseptic meningo-encephalitis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Fredrikson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00869773","article-title":"Interleukin-2, soluble interleukin-2-receptor, neopterin, L-tryptophan and beta 2-microglobulin levels in CSF and serum of patients with relapsing-remitting or chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"241","author":"Ott","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082665","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain is associated with kynurenine pathway metabolite changes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Rajda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.12393","article-title":"Relapse of neuromyelitis optica with occipital neuralgia and elevated CSF neopterin","volume":"8","author":"Miyaue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1814","article-title":"Association of Mog-IgG Serostatus with relapse after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and proposed diagnostic criteria for MOG-IgG-associated disorders","volume":"75","author":"L\u00f3pez-Chiriboga","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb05458.x","article-title":"CSF neopterin as marker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Fredrikson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0090","first-page":"321","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and urinary biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Dobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03219-0","article-title":"Elevated neurofilament levels in neurological diseases","volume":"987","author":"Norgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319190","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in multiple sclerosis and its subtypes: a meta-analysis of case\u2013control studies","volume":"90","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000584","article-title":"Does CSF pleocytosis have a predictive value for disease course in MS?","volume":"6","author":"Lotan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01799","article-title":"IgG index revisited: diagnostic utility and prognostic value in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.150896","article-title":"CSF oligoclonal band status informs prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a case control study of 100 patients","volume":"80","author":"Joseph","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00887815","article-title":"Measurement of immune markers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients during clinical remission","volume":"242","author":"Shaw","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.038","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid findings in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica: results from 211 lumbar punctures","volume":"306","author":"Jarius","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03225.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin in paediatric neurology: a marker of active central nervous system inflammation","volume":"51","author":"Dale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012175","article-title":"Difference in the source of anti-AQP4-IgG and anti-MOG-IgG antibodies in CSF in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"97","author":"Akaishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.41","article-title":"The utility of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Stangel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102399","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features distinguishing MOG antibody disease from multiple sclerosis and AQP4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica","volume":"45","author":"Ciotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-317969","article-title":"CSF cytokine profile in MOG-IgG+ neurological disease is similar to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD but distinct from MS: a cross-sectional study and potential therapeutic implications","volume":"89","author":"Kaneko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.022","article-title":"Neopterin preconditioning prevents inflammasome activation in mammalian astrocytes","volume":"115","author":"de Paula Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0160","article-title":"Distinct serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine profiles in autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases","volume":"5","author":"Hofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007032","article-title":"Blood neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of MS disease activity and treatment response","volume":"92","author":"Kuhle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33158-8","article-title":"Serum GFAP as a biomarker for disease severity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Abdelhak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02138-7","article-title":"Serum GFAP and NfL as disease severity and prognostic biomarkers in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"18","author":"Schindler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1256","article-title":"Cytokine profile in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease","volume":"7","author":"Kallaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2012.0040","article-title":"Distinct serum cytokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Interf. Cytokine Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X22002477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X22002477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:01:33Z","timestamp":1758384093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X22002477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0022510X22002477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical use of CSF neopterin levels in CNS demyelinating diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120385","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120385"}}