{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:07:59Z","timestamp":1790870879352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:23:46Z","timestamp":1664411026000},"page":"120425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identification of specific causes of myelopathy in a large cohort of patients initially diagnosed with transverse myelitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"442","author":[{"given":"Olwen C.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Barreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Villabona-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Mealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001071","article-title":"Modern look at transverse myelitis and inflammatory myelopathy","volume":"8","author":"Abbatemarco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004796","article-title":"Evaluation of idiopathic transverse myelitis revealing specific myelopathy diagnoses","volume":"90","author":"Zalewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004765","article-title":"Clinical biomarkers differentiate myelitis from vascular and other causes of myelopathy","volume":"90","author":"Barreras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx200","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS)","volume":"140","author":"Tobin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2734","article-title":"Characteristics of spontaneous spinal cord infarction and proposed diagnostic criteria","volume":"76","author":"Zalewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32723-9","article-title":"Acute flaccid myelitis: cause, diagnosis, and management","volume":"397","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325274","article-title":"Early factors associated with later conversion to multiple sclerosis in patients presenting with isolated myelitis","volume":"92","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000722","article-title":"Clinical and MRI phenotypes of sarcoidosis-associated myelopathy","volume":"7","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116863","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, misdiagnosis and outcomes of patients with low-flow spinal arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"413","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317509","article-title":"Time matters in multiple sclerosis: can early treatment and long-term follow-up ensure everyone benefits from the latest advances in multiple sclerosis?","volume":"89","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000541","article-title":"Long-term safety and effectiveness of natalizumab redosing and treatment in the STRATA MS study","volume":"83","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535cf6","article-title":"Survival in MS: a randomized cohort study 21 years after the start of the pivotal IFN\u03b2-1b trial","volume":"78","author":"Goodin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-016-1739-1","article-title":"Anterior disco-osteo-arterial conflict as a cause of intersegmental arterial flow impairment and spinal cord ischemia","volume":"58","author":"Ullman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1007","article-title":"Spinal claudication secondary to anterior disco-osteo-arterial conflict and mimicking stiff person syndrome","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3833","article-title":"Focal compression of the upper left thoracic intersegmental arteries as a potential cause of spinal cord ischemia","volume":"35","author":"Gailloud","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24184","article-title":"Specific pattern of gadolinium enhancement in spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"76","author":"Flanagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.07.024","article-title":"The master clinician\u2019s approach to diagnostic reasoning","volume":"130","author":"Cunha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622318790197","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis: current findings and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Arkema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0741-x","article-title":"Clinical features, treatment and outcome in neurosarcoidosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Fritz","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515572406","article-title":"Demographic and clinical features of neuromyelitis optica: a review","volume":"21","author":"Pandit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823efc93","article-title":"Recovery after spinal cord infarcts: long-term outcome in 115 patients","volume":"78","author":"Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0120","first-page":"502","article-title":"Spinal cord infarction in chinese patients","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"CED"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S22950","article-title":"Comparing patients with spinal cord infarction and cerebral infarction: clinical characteristics, and short-term outcome","volume":"7","author":"Naess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-4995-9","article-title":"Acute complete paraplegia of 8-year-old girl caused by spinal cord infarction following minor trauma complicated with longitudinal signal change of spinal cord","volume":"26","author":"Nagata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000130","article-title":"Three unique presentations of atraumatic spinal cord infarction in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"30","author":"Spencer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.PEDS12382","article-title":"Spinal cord infarction following minor trauma in children: fibrocartilaginous embolism as a putative cause","volume":"11","author":"Reisner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05210-4","article-title":"Two cases of ADA2 deficiency presenting as childhood polyarteritis nodosa: novel ADA2 variant, atypical CNS manifestations, and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Ganh\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520907900","article-title":"Frequency and characteristics of MRI-negative myelitis associated with MOG autoantibodies","volume":"27","author":"Sechi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8419-x","article-title":"The yield of initial conventional MRI in 115 cases of angiographically confirmed spinal vascular malformations","volume":"264","author":"El Mekabaty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0160","article-title":"The frequency of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in MS: a population-based study","volume":"37","author":"Asnafi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512461968","article-title":"Analysis of prognostic factors associated with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis","volume":"19","author":"Sep\u00falveda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24582","article-title":"Discriminating long myelitis of neuromyelitis optica from sarcoidosis","volume":"79","author":"Flanagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4053","article-title":"Clinical, radiologic, and prognostic features of myelitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody","volume":"76","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002992","article-title":"Central canal enhancement and the trident sign in spinal cord sarcoidosis","volume":"87","author":"Zalewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2605","article-title":"Unique gadolinium enhancement pattern in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"75","author":"Zalewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e601","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001036","article-title":"Utility of MRI enhancement pattern in myelopathies with longitudinally extensive T2 lesions","volume":"11","author":"Mustafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.01.032","article-title":"Whole-body 18F-FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis","volume":"95","author":"Fritz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5275","article-title":"Analysis of 30 spinal angiograms falsely reported as normal in 18 patients with subsequently documented spinal vascular malformations","volume":"38","author":"Barreras","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51642","article-title":"Seroprevalence of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in adults with myelitis","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X22002878?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X22002878?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:02:17Z","timestamp":1758384137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X22002878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0022510X22002878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of specific causes of myelopathy in a large cohort of patients initially diagnosed with transverse myelitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120425","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120425"}}