{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:26:29Z","timestamp":1770513989784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21 K06646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21 K06646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21 K11100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21 K11100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T15:54:38Z","timestamp":1699977278000},"page":"122789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy analyzed using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"455","author":[{"given":"Shuji","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Maezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakiko","family":"Hirofuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koumi","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moe","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease","volume":"17","author":"Cortese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1452","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008243","article-title":"Risk of natalizumab-associated PML in patients with MS is reduced with extended interval dosing","volume":"93","author":"Ryerson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0020","first-page":"520","article-title":"JC virus infection of meningeal and choroid plexus cells in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Corbridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05031-11","article-title":"Molecular biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain","volume":"25","author":"Ferenczy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac237","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: epidemiology and spectrum of predisposing conditions","volume":"146","author":"Joly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040968","article-title":"Nationwide laboratory surveillance of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Japan: fiscal years 2011\u20132020","volume":"15","author":"Nakamichi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10450","article-title":"Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40","volume":"71","author":"Knowles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1086\/597126","article-title":"Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors","volume":"199","author":"Egli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1565272","article-title":"Age-dependent seroprevalence of JCV antibody in children","volume":"47","author":"Hennes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.12.1930","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and apoptosis of infected oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system of patients with and without AIDS","volume":"59","author":"Richardson-Burns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000618","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a 25-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-121","article-title":"Characteristics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy clarified through internet-assisted laboratory surveillance in Japan","volume":"12","author":"Nakamichi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-1-78","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of the literature with a report of sixteen cases","volume":"107","author":"Berger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040837","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"19","author":"Berger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.1.49","article-title":"Pathogenesis and molecular biology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain","volume":"5","author":"Major","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22408","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients","volume":"70","author":"Mateen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0090","first-page":"109","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current insights","volume":"9","author":"Kartau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Degener Neurol. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1","article-title":"PML diagnostic criteria: consensus statement from the AAN Neuroinfectious disease section","volume":"80","author":"Berger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0739-z","article-title":"Stronger association of drug-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with biological immunomodulating agents","volume":"66","author":"Piccinni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107829","article-title":"Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"366","author":"Bloomgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003740","article-title":"No evidence of beneficial effects of plasmapheresis in natalizumab-associated PML","volume":"88","author":"Landi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1815","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005529","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment","volume":"90","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002","article-title":"T cell deficiencies as a common risk factor for drug associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"223","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunobiology."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30282-X","article-title":"Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.013","article-title":"The emergence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in rheumatic diseases","volume":"30","author":"Boren","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.01.006","article-title":"Classifying PML risk with disease modifying therapies","volume":"12","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274817729901","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and monoclonal antibodies","volume":"24","author":"Bohra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256452","article-title":"Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017","volume":"16","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1086\/598335","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over 20 years of the Swiss HIV cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Khanna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"Pt9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh215","article-title":"A prospective study demonstrates an association between JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the early control of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"127","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac237","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: epidemiology and spectrum of predisposing conditions","volume":"146","author":"Joly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.210621.001","article-title":"Global epidemiology of HIV\/AIDS: a resurgence in North America and Europe","volume":"11","author":"Govender","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000136093.47316.f3","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: survival and risk factors of death","volume":"37","author":"Wyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104696","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis over the past 20 years in northern Japan","volume":"73","author":"Houzen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X23022505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X23022505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:03:08Z","timestamp":1758384188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X23022505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0022510X23022505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy analyzed using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122789"}}