{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:49:03Z","timestamp":1785426543709,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T09:58:15Z","timestamp":1700992695000},"page":"122810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Botulinum toxin treatment in parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"456","author":[{"given":"Charenya","family":"Anandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010042","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in movement disorders: an update","volume":"13","author":"Anandan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.09.003","article-title":"An update on new and unique uses of botulinum toxin in movement disorders","volume":"147","author":"Jankovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.18.3.259","article-title":"Clinical aspects of the differential diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and parkinsonism","volume":"18","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020081","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of motor disorders in Parkinson disease-a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Jabbari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.12.002","article-title":"Use of botulinum toxin in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"59","author":"Jocson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2023.107209","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the management of parkinsonian disorders","volume":"232","author":"Grippe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-060274","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin for treating motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13030226","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of botulinum neurotoxin for autonomic symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an updated review","volume":"13","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.582","article-title":"Novel botulinum toxin injection protocols for Parkinson tremor and essential tremor \u2013 the Yale technique and sensor-based kinematics procedure for safe and effective treatment","volume":"10","author":"Mittal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120018","article-title":"Parkinsonism and tremor syndromes","volume":"433","author":"Bellows","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.684835","article-title":"Tremor syndromes: an updated review","volume":"12","author":"Lenka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.01.023","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for the treatment of tremor","volume":"63","author":"Mittal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110306","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate botulinum toxin type a in essential hand tremor","volume":"11","author":"Jankovic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.11.1523","article-title":"A randomized, double masked, controlled trial of botulinum toxin type a in essential hand tremor","volume":"56","author":"Brin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550070055012","article-title":"Approach to the treatment of limb disorders with botulinum toxin a. experience with 187 patients","volume":"53","author":"Pullman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10070299","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hand tremor","volume":"10","author":"Niemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0085","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effective management of upper limb parkinsonian tremor by incobotulinumtoxin A injections using sensor-based biomechanical patterns","author":"Rahimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.06.010","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in Parkinson disease tremor: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a customized injection approach","volume":"92","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21019","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a may be efficacious as treatment for jaw tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0100","first-page":"13","article-title":"Effectiveness of botulinum toxin on hand tremor intensity and upper limb function in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: results of a systematic review","author":"Eslamian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710001489X","article-title":"Effectiveness of BoNT a in Parkinson\u2019s disease upper limb tremor management","volume":"40","author":"Rahimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178670","article-title":"Long-term tremor therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor with sensor-guided botulinum toxin type a injections","volume":"12","author":"Samotus","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080557","article-title":"Real-world longitudinal experience of botulinum toxin therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor","volume":"14","author":"Samotus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11280-y","article-title":"Comparison of botulinum neurotoxin efficiency in dystonia associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism: a retrospective study with a self-reported improvement scale","author":"Lapostolle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90169-6","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of apraxia of eyelid opening in progressive supranuclear palsy: report of two cases","volume":"78","author":"Piccione","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.186","article-title":"Comparable botulinum toxin outcomes between primary and secondary blepharospasm: a retrospective analysis","volume":"4","author":"Martinez-Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020087","article-title":"Use of botulinum neurotoxin in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a critical appraisal","volume":"13","author":"Jost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-01986-1","article-title":"Hand, foot, and spine deformities in parkinsonian disorders","author":"Wijemanne","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.11.013","article-title":"Disease-oriented approach to botulinum toxin use","volume":"54","author":"Jankovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.285","article-title":"Occurrence of dysphagia following botulinum toxin injection in parkinsonism-related cervical dystonia: a retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70119-8","article-title":"Striatal deformities of the hand and foot in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Ashour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1186","article-title":"Treatment of dystonic clenched fist with botulinum toxin","volume":"16","author":"Cordivari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2094","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for foot dystonia in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease having deep brain stimulation: a case series and a pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100317","article-title":"\u201cOff\u201d painful dystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease treated with botulinum toxin","volume":"10","author":"Pacchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.10.009","article-title":"Incobotulinum toxin a in Parkinson\u2019s disease with foot dystonia: a double blind randomized trial","volume":"46","author":"Rieu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.08.013","article-title":"High doses of botulinum toxin effectively treat disabling up-going toe","volume":"264","author":"Kurtis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12411","article-title":"Outcome on balance and gait following botulinum toxin treatment for striatal foot in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Lindholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2000.0149","article-title":"Treating severe bruxism with botulinum toxin","volume":"131","author":"Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e559","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004951","article-title":"Onabotulinum toxin-a injections for sleep bruxism: a double-blind, Placebo-controlled study","volume":"90","author":"Ondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12782","article-title":"Severe jaw-opening dystonia as an unusual manifestation of levodopa-related wearing-off in Parkinson\u2019s disease, and successful treatment with botulinum toxin injection","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.558260","article-title":"The broadening application of Chemodenervation in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (part II): an open-label experience with botulinum toxin-a (Dysport\u00ae) injections for Oromandibular, lingual, and truncal-axial Dystonias","volume":"121","author":"Rosales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2018.1490443","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-B injection into the lacrimal gland and posterior Cricoarytenoid muscle for the treatment of Epiphora and abductor spasmodic dysphonia secondary to Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Sachdev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orbit (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23522","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a for levodopa-induced cervical dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: unfavorable risk-benefit ratio","volume":"26","author":"Espay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030317","article-title":"Effectiveness of the botulinum toxin for treating sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Ruiz-Roca","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01612.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of sialorrhea in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Santamato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20793","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a for drooling in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double-blind, randomized, Placebo-controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Lagalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000101713.81253.4C","article-title":"A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin B for sialorrhea in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Ondo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3279-4","article-title":"Saliva changes in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients after injection of botulinum neurotoxin type a","volume":"39","author":"Tiigim\u00e4e-Saar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23473","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a versus B in sialorrhea: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Guidubaldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0085-1","article-title":"Long-lasting benefits of botulinum toxin type B in Parkinson\u2019s disease-related drooling","volume":"256","author":"Lagalla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23929","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type B for treatment of sialorrhea in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective double-blind trial","volume":"27","author":"Chinnapongse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-023-00694-7","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of sialorrhea with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2021.01.004","article-title":"Intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin a to treat urinary incontinence due to bladder overactivity during idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Atamian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.06.023","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a for overactive bladder and detrusor muscle overactivity in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"182","author":"Giannantoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_308","article-title":"Use of botulinum toxin in the genitourinary system","volume":"263","author":"Chancellor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21006","article-title":"Hyperhidrosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Schestatsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.08.020","article-title":"Pilot cohort study of endoscopic botulinum neurotoxin injection in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Triadafilopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200204113461517","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for cricopharyngeal dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"346","author":"Restivo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.174698","article-title":"An electrophysiological approach to the diagnosis of neurogenic dysphagia: implications for botulinum toxin treatment","volume":"81","author":"Alfonsi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007312258","article-title":"Metoclopramide, an increasingly recognized cause of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"48","author":"Kenney","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.01.007","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a for the treatment of gastroparesis in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"17","author":"Gil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07514.x","article-title":"Treatment of outlet obstruction constipation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with botulinum neurotoxin a [1]","volume":"98","author":"Albanese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02669.x","article-title":"Outlet type constipation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: results of botulinum toxin treatment","volume":"22","author":"Cadeddu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70067-9","article-title":"Postural deformities in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Doherty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000171857.09079.9f","article-title":"Camptocormia: pathogenesis, classification, and response to therapy","volume":"65","author":"Azher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.07.015","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a potentiates the effect of neuromotor rehabilitation of Pisa syndrome in Parkinson disease: a placebo controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Tassorelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-018-0108-x","article-title":"Injection of onabotulinum toxin a into the bilateral external oblique muscle attenuated camptocormia: a prospective open-label study in six patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Todo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22249","article-title":"Injection of the iliopsoas muscle with botulinum toxin in camptocormia","volume":"24","author":"Colosimo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.06.004","article-title":"Treatment of camptocormia with botulinum toxin","volume":"107","author":"Bertram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5310-4","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a and a rehabilitation program in the treatment of Pisa syndrome in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"257","author":"Santamato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.279","article-title":"Botulinum toxin use in refractory pain and other symptoms in parkinsonism","volume":"43","author":"Bruno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.245","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a for pain in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Bruno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0365","article-title":"Glabellar botulinum toxin injections in major depressive disorder: a critical review","volume":"20","author":"Stearns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0370","first-page":"2717","article-title":"Effects of botulinum toxin type a on mood and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and depression","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1958678","article-title":"Exploring the role of botulinum toxin in critical care","volume":"21","author":"Hafeez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120641","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injections to one leg alleviate freezing of gait in a patient with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Giladi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170134","article-title":"The effect of botulinum toxin injections to the calf muscles on freezing of gait in parkinsonism: a pilot study","volume":"248","author":"Giladi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21396","article-title":"The effect of injecting botulinum toxin type a into the calf muscles on freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double blind placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Gurevich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0395","first-page":"147","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients as reflected in functional magnetic resonance imaging of leg movement","volume":"37","author":"Va\u0161t\u00edk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000172930.63669.c8","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injections do not improve freezing of gait in Parkinson disease","volume":"65","author":"Wieler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0405","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type B for gait freezing in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Fernandez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14020094","article-title":"Olfactory bulb D2\/D3 receptor availability after intrastriatal botulinum neurotoxin-a injection in a unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Alberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1413","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012662","article-title":"Changes in cortical excitability and Parkinson tremor after botulinum toxin therapy","volume":"97","author":"Samotus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070505","article-title":"Antidepressant-like properties of intrastriatal botulinum neurotoxin-a injection in a unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Antipova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2021.077","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a ameliorates neuroinflammation in the MPTP and 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease models","volume":"30","author":"Ham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomol Ther (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12613","article-title":"Injectable daxibotulinumtoxinA in cervical dystonia: a phase 2 dose-escalation multicenter study","volume":"5","author":"Jankovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810_bb0435","series-title":"Dystonia. Inaugural Issue of Dystonia","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia: Evidence-Based Review","author":"Hammoud","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X23022712?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X23022712?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:02:58Z","timestamp":1758384178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X23022712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S0022510X23022712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Botulinum toxin treatment in parkinsonism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122810","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122810"}}