{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:29:11Z","timestamp":1785320951748,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:12:42Z","timestamp":1704946362000},"page":"122882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Dark side of the White Matter. Diffuse subcortical White Matter Hypointensity on T2\/FLAIR: A systematic review of a frequently underrecognized sign"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"457","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8187-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Magro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Tosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Laterza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olindo","family":"Di Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.05.020","article-title":"Seizure-induced brain lesions: a wide spectrum of variably reversible MRI abnormalities","volume":"82","author":"Cianfoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.06.001","article-title":"A wide spectrum of variably periictal MRI abnormalities induced by a single or a cluster of seizures","volume":"343","author":"Xiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0015","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.09.002","article-title":"Seizure-induced reversible MRI abnormalities in status epilepticus: a systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Mariajoseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6328","article-title":"Decreased subcortical T2 FLAIR signal associated with seizures","volume":"41","author":"Nicholson","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1498","article-title":"Relative decrease in signal intensity of subcortical white matter in spontaneous intracranial hypotension on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images","volume":"30","author":"Adachi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.06.048","article-title":"Low signal intensity and increased anisotropy on magnetic resonance imaging in the white matter lesion after head trauma: unrecognized findings of diffuse axonal injury","volume":"263","author":"Okanishi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0040","first-page":"535","article-title":"Subcortical low intensity on MR images of meningitis, viral encephalitis, and leptomeningeal metastasis","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0045","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Subcortical low intensity in early cortical ischemia","volume":"15","author":"Ida","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0189-6","article-title":"Focal neuronal loss, reversible subcortical focal T2 hypointensity in seizures with a nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state","volume":"49","author":"Raghavendra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09440-8","article-title":"Unilateral cortical FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG-associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES): characterization of a distinct clinico-radiographic syndrome","volume":"266","author":"Budhram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000538","article-title":"Anti-MOG encephalitis mimicking small vessel CNS vasculitis","volume":"6","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflam."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13790","article-title":"Encephalitis is an important clinical component of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated demyelination: a single-center cohort study in Shanghai, China","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.05.011","article-title":"Periictal magnetic resonance imaging in status epilepticus","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400920929554","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with non-ketotic hyperglycaemia and focal seizures","volume":"33","author":"De Martino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroradiol. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06088-7","article-title":"Acute stroke-like deficits associated with nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: an illustrative case and systematic review of literature","volume":"43","author":"Rossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0085","article-title":"Decreased subcortical T2 FLAIR signal with cortical T2 FLAIR hyperintense lesions in unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody","volume":"2","author":"Fujimori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimmunol. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.10.954","article-title":"Neurogenic influence on local cerebral blood flow. Effect of catecholamines or sympathetic stimulation as correlated with the sympathetic innervation","volume":"25","author":"Sercombe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2018.0974","article-title":"Atypical postictal transient subcortical T2 hypointensity in a newly diagnosed diabetic patient with seizures","volume":"20","author":"Paoletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.05.006","article-title":"Occipital lobe seizures related to marked elevation of hemoglobin A1C: report of two cases","volume":"19","author":"Hung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-Sint","article-title":"Introduction and methodology: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2008.12.001","article-title":"Occipital seizures induced by hyperglycemia: a case report and review of literature","volume":"18","author":"Moien-Afshari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e31821f5d14","article-title":"Subcortical low-intensity and restricted diffusion after first seizure in a child","volume":"35","author":"Cerase","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1010-8","article-title":"Occipital lobe seizures and subcortical T2 and T2* hypointensity associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2003.tb00188.x","article-title":"Subcortical hypointensity in partial status epilepticus associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia","volume":"13","author":"Seo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2020.16.4.599","article-title":"Transient homonymous superior Quadrantanopsia in Nonketotic hyperglycemia: a case report and systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0135","first-page":"506","article-title":"Subcortical low-intensity areas on T2-weighted images: an uncommon finding with a common explanation?","volume":"23","author":"Bowen","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.03.025","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in epileptic seizures","volume":"59","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15360","article-title":"The contribution of neuropathology to multiple sclerosis research","volume":"29","author":"Lassmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2018.11.003","article-title":"Specificities of arterial spin labeling (ASL) abnormalities in acute seizure","volume":"47","author":"Schertz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04815-6","article-title":"Arterial spin labeling hyperperfusion in seizures associated with non-ketotic hyperglycaemia: Is it merely a post-ictal phenomenon?","volume":"42","author":"Sekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6994-21","article-title":"Irreversible homonymous hemianopia associated with severe hyperglycemia and cerebral Hyperperfusion: a case report and literature review","volume":"60","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.02.019","article-title":"Significance of novel subcortical low intensity score on transient neurological events after revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease","volume":"167","author":"Shiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2176\/nmccrj.cr.2020-0400","article-title":"Endoscopically treated subacute subdural hematoma presenting postoperative cerebral Hyperperfusion syndrome: chronological changes of cerebral blood flow on arterial spin labeling and subcortical low intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images","volume":"8","author":"Katsuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"NMC Case Rep. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.058","article-title":"Subcortical low-intensity lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images after revascularization surgery for Moyamoya disease","volume":"98","author":"Machida","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02408-w","article-title":"\u201cNegative T2 shine through\u201d in patients with hyperglycemia and seizures: a frequently overlooked MRI pattern","volume":"62","author":"Urbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.06.017","article-title":"Black toenail sign in MELAS syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Whitehead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843386","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.843386","article-title":"MRI features of stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2014.01.001","article-title":"Occipital seizures and subcortical T2 hypointensity in the setting of hyperglycemia","volume":"2","author":"Putta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X24000170?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X24000170?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:05:26Z","timestamp":1758384326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X24000170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0022510X24000170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Dark side of the White Matter. Diffuse subcortical White Matter Hypointensity on T2\/FLAIR: A systematic review of a frequently underrecognized sign","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122882","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122882"}}