{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:01:48Z","timestamp":1793073708085,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T17:30:55Z","timestamp":1734629455000},"page":"123360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Faster and better than a physician?: Assessing diagnostic proficiency of ChatGPT in misdiagnosed individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"468","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahi A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"McCreary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom G.","family":"Punnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Tardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter V.","family":"Sguigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle M.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanan B.","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy W.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatum M.","family":"Moog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darin T.","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00253-4","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: clinical burden and cost of relapses and disease-related care in US clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Royston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.12.011","article-title":"Long-term disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with a history of myelitis is associated with age at onset, delay in diagnosis\/preventive treatment, MRI lesion length and presence of symptomatic brain lesions","volume":"28","author":"Mealy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2019-001126","article-title":"CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders: MS, NMOSD and MOG antibody associated disease","volume":"68","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.314","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica in the United States: a multicenter analysis","volume":"69","author":"Mealy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104498","article-title":"Factors associated with the misdiagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102515","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of very late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"46","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169595","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1169595","article-title":"ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations","volume":"6","author":"Dave","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11202776","article-title":"Leveraging generative AI and large language models: a comprehensive roadmap for healthcare integration","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2021-014130","article-title":"Burden of serious harms from diagnostic error in the USA","volume":"33","author":"Newman-Toker","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.08.012","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in the contemporary age: understanding the millennial patient with multiple sclerosis to create next-generation care","volume":"36","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11634-0","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part I: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis","volume":"270","author":"Jarius","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0060","series-title":"Association of patients\u2019 past misdiagnosis experiences with trust in their current physician: the TRUMP2-Net study, medRxiv","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043378","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of differential-diagnosis lists generated by generative pretrained transformer 3 Chatbot for clinical vignettes with common chief complaints: a pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Hirosawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06363-z","article-title":"Diagnostic capabilities of ChatGPT in ophthalmology","volume":"262","author":"Shemer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2023.07.016","article-title":"Artificial intelligence chatbot performance in triage of ophthalmic conditions","volume":"59","author":"Lyons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/47621","article-title":"The potential of ChatGPT as a self-diagnostic tool in common orthopedic diseases: exploratory study","volume":"25","author":"Kuroiwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0090","series-title":"ChatGPT Assisting Diagnosis of Neuro-Ophthalmology Diseases Based on Case Reports, medRxiv","author":"Madadi","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.02.101","article-title":"Will ChatGPT be able to replace a spine surgeon in the clinical setting?","volume":"185","author":"Chalhoub","year":"2024","journal-title":"World. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105791","article-title":"Generative artificial intelligence versus clinicians: who diagnoses multiple sclerosis faster and with greater accuracy?","volume":"90","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919012117","article-title":"Gender imbalance in medical imaging datasets produces biased classifiers for computer-aided diagnosis","volume":"117","author":"Larrazabal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0288-5","article-title":"Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare","volume":"3","author":"Cirillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00225-X","article-title":"Assessing the potential of GPT-4 to perpetuate racial and gender biases in health care: a model evaluation study","volume":"6","author":"Zack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55686-2","article-title":"Bias of AI-generated content: an examination of news produced by large language models","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae086","article-title":"Mixed methods assessment of the influence of demographics on medical advice of ChatGPT","volume":"31","author":"Andreadis","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0130","article-title":"Identifying depression and its determinants upon initiating treatment: ChatGPT versus primary care physicians","volume":"11","author":"Levkovich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam. Med. Commun. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0135","first-page":"10048","article-title":"Working memory capacity of ChatGPT: an empirical study","volume":"38","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12084","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 antibodies (NMO-IgG) as a serological marker of neuromyelitis optica: a critical review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Jarius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0145","first-page":"8692328","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 autoantibody detection by ELISA: a retrospective characterization of a commonly used assay","volume":"2021","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516630823","article-title":"False positivity of anti aquaporin-4 antibodies in natalizumab-treated patients","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0155","article-title":"Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: implications in scientific writing","volume":"15","author":"Alkaissi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46411-8","article-title":"Systematic analysis of ChatGPT, Google search and Llama 2 for clinical decision support tasks","volume":"15","author":"Sandmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/39219","article-title":"Impacts of symptom checkers for laypersons\u2019 self-diagnosis on physicians in primary care: scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Radionova","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00501","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and its prevalence and incidence worldwide","volume":"11","author":"Hor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"The generation gap revisited: generational differences in mental health, maladaptive coping behaviors, and pandemic-related concerns during the initial COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Grelle","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adult Dev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-024-02329-1","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of a transient ischemic attack caused by ChatGPT","volume":"136","author":"Saenger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01925-4","article-title":"Evaluating the feasibility of ChatGPT in healthcare: an analysis of multiple clinical and research scenarios","volume":"47","author":"Cascella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2017.08.015","article-title":"How patients\u2019 use of social media impacts their interactions with healthcare professionals","volume":"101","author":"Benetoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.1838","article-title":"Comparing physician and artificial intelligence Chatbot responses to patient questions posted to a public social media forum","volume":"183","author":"Ayers","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2023.08.003","article-title":"ChatGPT and generating a differential diagnosis early in an emergency department presentation","volume":"83","author":"Berg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X24004969?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X24004969?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T01:59:08Z","timestamp":1736474348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X24004969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0022510X24004969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Faster and better than a physician?: Assessing diagnostic proficiency of ChatGPT in misdiagnosed individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123360","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123360"}}