{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T22:10:03Z","timestamp":1750111803027,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":344,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T17:40:26Z","timestamp":1736012426000},"page":"123384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal performance on the symbol digit modalities test in individuals with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"469","author":[{"given":"Niveditha","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Cadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanuja","family":"Chitnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie I.","family":"Glanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2012","series-title":"Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Therapy","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70259-X","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Chiaravalloti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199506000-00010","article-title":"Neuropsychology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Rao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518803785","article-title":"Recommendations for cognitive screening and management in multiple sclerosis care","volume":"24","author":"Kalb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0292","article-title":"Clinical presentation and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071058","article-title":"Modeling of cognitive impairment by disease duration in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Achiron","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000177940","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: methods and prevalence from the GEDMA study","volume":"61","author":"Olazaran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.5.685","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction","volume":"41","author":"Rao","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0045","article-title":"Brain atrophy and clinical characteristics predicting SDMT performance in multiple sclerosis: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"7","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2015.1037252","article-title":"Information processing speed and attention in multiple sclerosis: reconsidering the attention network test (ANT)","volume":"37","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00005.x","article-title":"Memory deficits and early cognitive deterioration in MS","volume":"93","author":"Kujala","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312465194","article-title":"Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation of attention deficits for multiple sclerosis: a randomized trial with fMRI correlates","volume":"27","author":"Cerasa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12248","article-title":"Social cognition and executive functioning in multiple sclerosis: a cluster-analytic approach","volume":"16","author":"Henry","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.09.018","article-title":"How does cognition relate to employment in multiple sclerosis? A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Clemens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058948","article-title":"Occupational outcomes of people with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Vitturi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517740212","article-title":"Cognitive function is a major determinant of income among multiple sclerosis patients in Sweden acting independently from physical disability","volume":"25","author":"Kavaliunas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.5.692","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. II. Impact on employment and social functioning","volume":"41","author":"Rao","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102860","article-title":"Short-term data on disease activity, cognition, mood, stigma and employment outcomes in a cohort of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (UPPMS study)","volume":"50","author":"Perez-Miralles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03875-7","article-title":"Aging with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and profile of cognitive impairment","volume":"40","author":"Branco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516674367","article-title":"Age and disability drive cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis across disease subtypes","volume":"23","author":"Ruano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2021.17.1.113","article-title":"The expanded disability status scale score and demographic indexes are correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"17","author":"Sadigh-Eteghad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517690821","article-title":"Validity of the symbol digit modalities test as a cognition performance outcome measure for multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Benedict","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520913439","article-title":"Trajectories of symbol digit modalities test performance in individuals with multiple sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Healy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.02.012","article-title":"A model for the comprehensive investigation of a chronic autoimmune disease: the multiple sclerosis CLIMB study","volume":"5","author":"Gauthier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_1.S79","article-title":"Measuring the functional impact of fatigue: initial validation of the fatigue impact scale","volume":"18","author":"Fisk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02260859","article-title":"A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Vickrey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-02127-4","article-title":"The relation between the symbol digit modalities test, fatigue, depression, and anxiety symptoms in a Belgian MS cohort","volume":"123","author":"Borrelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0150","first-page":"2605","article-title":"Predicting cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"141","author":"Eijlers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00105","article-title":"Cognitive profiles of aging in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Jakimovski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000453","article-title":"Cognition in older patients with multiple sclerosis compared to patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults","volume":"32","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4292585","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4292585","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: a cognitive, Behavioural, and MRI study","volume":"2016","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural. Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517709955","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to treat impaired learning and memory in multiple sclerosis: the self-GEN trial","volume":"24","author":"Goverover","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2373","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009522","article-title":"Disease-modifying treatments and cognition in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Landmeyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X25000012?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X25000012?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T21:49:07Z","timestamp":1750110547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X25000012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0022510X25000012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-510X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal performance on the symbol digit modalities test in individuals with multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123384","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123384"}}