{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T11:37:34Z","timestamp":1777721854395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:28:31Z","timestamp":1764894511000},"page":"125691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Is segmental\/multifocal onset a distinct presentation of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"480","author":[{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Velucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Terranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Squintani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Avanzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Belvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pellicciari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Artusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Altavista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesa Lorella Maria","family":"Scaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Sofia","family":"Cotelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lettieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Erro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Petracca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Schirinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ceravolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo Fabio","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Tambasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello Mario","family":"Mascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Muroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Coletti Moja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Giaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Barillari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria Antonella","family":"Di Vico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Biasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Terranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marinella","family":"Turla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Tinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Defazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30220","article-title":"Definition and classification of dystonia","volume":"40","author":"Albanese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321794","article-title":"Risk of spread in adult-onset isolated focal dystonia: a prospective international cohort study","volume":"91","author":"Berman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70390","article-title":"Segmental and multifocal isolated dystonias: similarities and differences","author":"Jinnah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.124594","article-title":"Long-term assessment of the risk of spread in primary late-onset focal dystonia","volume":"79","author":"Abbruzzese","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26817","article-title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics related to onset site and spread of cervical dystonia","volume":"31","author":"Norris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.04.022","article-title":"Spread of segmental\/multifocal idiopathic adult-onset dystonia to a third body site","volume":"87","author":"Ercoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6514-6","article-title":"Phenotypic overlap in familial and sporadic primary adult-onset extracranial dystonia","volume":"259","author":"Defazio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182299e13","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and clinical phenotype in familial and sporadic primary blepharospasm","volume":"77","author":"Defazio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.105274","article-title":"Thyroid disease in cervical dystonia","volume":"107","author":"Kilic-Berkmen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02753-7","article-title":"Does thyroid diseases contribute to the natural history of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia? Data from the Italian Dystonia Registry","volume":"131","author":"Idrissi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2839-3","article-title":"The Italian Dystonia Registry: rationale, design and preliminary findings","volume":"38","author":"Defazio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.09.004","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for blepharospasm: a multicenter international study","volume":"91","author":"Defazio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11585-6","article-title":"Validation of a guideline to reduce variability in diagnosing cervical dystonia","volume":"270","author":"Defazio","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3586-9","article-title":"Expert recommendations for diagnosing cervical, oromandibular, and limb dystonia","volume":"40","author":"Defazio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12499","article-title":"Increased blinking may be a precursor of blepharospasm: a longitudinal study","volume":"4","author":"Conte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106954","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of blepharospasm severity in patients with long disease duration","volume":"123","author":"Gentile","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106958","article-title":"Can symptoms or signs of cervical dystonia occur without abnormal movements of the head or neck?","volume":"123","author":"Thayani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28199","article-title":"Idiopathic non-task-specific upper limb dystonia, a neglected form of dystonia","volume":"35","author":"Defazio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08303-7","article-title":"The relationship between occupation and specific forms of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia","volume":"46","author":"Velucci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-02920-4","article-title":"Phenotypic comparison between combined dystonia-parkinsonism and idiopathic adult-onset dystonia","volume":"132","author":"Idrissi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-332927","article-title":"Does sex influence the natural history of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?","volume":"95","author":"Velucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X25023111?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X25023111?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T05:19:05Z","timestamp":1767935945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X25023111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S0022510X25023111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is segmental\/multifocal onset a distinct presentation of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2025.125691","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125691"}}