{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:11:29Z","timestamp":1774278689719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81072070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81072070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T07:38:36Z","timestamp":1767685116000},"page":"125731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Use of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the risk of Bell's palsy in China: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"481","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijue","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qimin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.1259","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 vaccination and facial nerve palsy: a case-control study","volume":"147","author":"Shemer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00451-5","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a case series and nested case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0015","article-title":"Development of facial palsy following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review","volume":"82","author":"Khurshid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110475","article-title":"Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide setting","volume":"385","author":"Barda","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01556-7","article-title":"Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"Patone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243829","article-title":"Sequential contralateral facial nerve palsies following COVID-19 vaccination first and second doses","volume":"14","author":"Burrows","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0035","article-title":"Association between vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and Bell\u2019s palsy: a population-based study","volume":"11","author":"Shibli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.0160","article-title":"Association of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection with Bell palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Rafati","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243","article-title":"mRNA vaccines - a new era in vaccinology","volume":"17","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108665","article-title":"Do COVID-19 RNA-based vaccines put at risk of immune-mediated diseases? In reply to \u201cpotential antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases\u201d","volume":"224","author":"Talotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.151","article-title":"Vaccine-induced autoimmunity: the role of molecular mimicry and immune crossreaction","volume":"15","author":"Segal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000811","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19 vaccine: the first case from inactivated vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Mekritthikrai","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004018","article-title":"Adverse events of special interest and mortality following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Hong Kong: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3011.240610","article-title":"Risk for facial palsy after COVID-19 vaccination, South Korea, 2021-2022","volume":"30","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.05.075","article-title":"SAFECOVAC SG, risk of serious adverse events after the BNT162b2, CoronaVac, and ChAdOx1 vaccines in Malaysia: a self-controlled case series study","volume":"40","author":"Ab Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10101712","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 sequential vaccination strategies in inactivated vaccinated individuals in China","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0085","first-page":"997","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy: diagnosis and management","volume":"76","author":"Tiemstra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.11.011","article-title":"Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in peri-pregnancy period: evaluation of safety for both pregnant women and neonates","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200035","article-title":"Influence of early high-dose steroid treatment on Bell\u2019s palsy evolution","volume":"23","author":"Lagalla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001202","article-title":"COVID-19 prevention and control public health strategies in Shanghai, China","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Public Health Manag. Pract."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030595","article-title":"Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell\u2019s palsy in Switzerland","volume":"350","author":"Mutsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0110","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"149","author":"Baugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103340","article-title":"Insights into new-onset autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"7881","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-02796-w","article-title":"China\u2019s COVID vaccines have been crucial - now immunity is waning","volume":"598","author":"Mallapaty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00361","article-title":"Do vaccines have a role as a cause of autoimmune neurological syndromes?","volume":"8","author":"Principi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30201-9","article-title":"Humoral mechanisms in immune neuropathies","volume":"10","author":"Koski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530321666210316103403","article-title":"The biochemical parameters and vitamin D levels in ICU patients with Covid-19: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1953344","article-title":"Comparison of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected health care workers","volume":"17","author":"Soysal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0145","article-title":"Herpes zoster related hospitalization after inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a self-controlled case series and nested case-control study","volume":"21","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health West Pac."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00005","article-title":"Bell palsy and herpes simplex virus: identification of viral DNA in endoneurial fluid and muscle","volume":"124","author":"Murakami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500508","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy treatment with acyclovir and prednisone compared with prednisone alone: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Adour","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280903552446","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Bell\u2019s palsy-a current assessment of the controversy","volume":"16","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2022.1489","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex infection after COVID-19 vaccination in a rheumatoid arthritis patient: a case report and review","volume":"74","author":"Mohamadzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2055580","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 1 anterior uveitis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in an Asian Indian female","volume":"30","author":"Sangoram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2022.2044799","article-title":"Herpes zoster and simplex reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination: new insights from a vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database analysis","volume":"21","author":"Gringeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048006","article-title":"Nasal vaccination, Escherichia coli enterotoxin, and Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"350","author":"Couch","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X26000122?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X26000122?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:24:15Z","timestamp":1774275855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X26000122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0022510X26000122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the risk of Bell's palsy in China: A case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2026.125731","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125731"}}