{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:06:00Z","timestamp":1778605560454,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T21:52:44Z","timestamp":1523310764000},"page":"28-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity and metabolic complications in obese children: impact of omega-3 fatty acids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Schohraya","family":"Spahis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nejma","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9e","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramy","family":"Jalbout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Paganelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Grzywacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgard","family":"Delvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06003.x","article-title":"Obese children with steatohepatitis can develop cirrhosis in childhood","volume":"97","author":"Molleston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2016.19.3.199","article-title":"Associations among the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, degree of obesity in children, and parental obesity","volume":"19","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.009","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in young adult men","volume":"240","author":"Ozturk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0025","first-page":"3118","article-title":"Effect of silymarin plus vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A randomized clinical pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Aller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168216","article-title":"Docosahexanoic acid plus vitamin d treatment improves features of NAFLD in Children with serum vitamin d deficiency: results from a single centre trial","volume":"11","author":"Della Corte","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.031","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid ameliorates steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatocyte-specific Pten-deficient mice","volume":"50","author":"Ishii","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134172","article-title":"Efficacy of Berberine in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0045","first-page":"OC19","article-title":"Comparative effect of insulin sensitizers and statin on metabolic profile and ultrasonographical score in non alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Rana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw031","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2016","volume":"119","author":"Townsend","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496453","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/496453","article-title":"The effectiveness of liraglutide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to sitagliptin and pioglitazone","volume":"2012","author":"Ohki","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4100-7","article-title":"Pieters-van den Bos IC, et al. Twelve week liraglutide or sitagliptin does not affect hepatic fat in type 2 diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Smits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8341","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8341","article-title":"Modern approach to the clinical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Del Ben","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03161.x","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E on aminotransferase levels and insulin resistance in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Nobili","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.520","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial","volume":"305","author":"Lavine","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02420.x","article-title":"A phase 2 clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for non-diabetic paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Schwimmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0090","first-page":"48","article-title":"Vitamin E treatment in pediatric obesity-related liver disease: a randomized study","volume":"38","author":"Vajro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.04.003","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on hepatic fat and associated cardiovascular risk factors in overweight children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Pacifico","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12758","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: The beneficial effects of VSL#3 in obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Alisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2015.04.010","article-title":"Plasma fatty acid composition in French-Canadian children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation","volume":"99","author":"Spahis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.10.010","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid for the treatment of fatty liver: randomised controlled trial in children","volume":"23","author":"Nobili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02885.x","article-title":"Prolonged n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation ameliorates hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Capanni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.036","article-title":"Effects of n-3 fish oil on metabolic and histological parameters in NASH: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Argo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0870","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"94","author":"Cussons","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000099","article-title":"Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of omega 3 fatty acids for the treatment of diabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"49","author":"Dasarathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7008","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i22.7008","article-title":"Efficacy of poly-unsaturated fatty acid therapy on patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133496","article-title":"Fish oil supplements lower serum lipids and glucose in correlation with a reduction in plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 and prostaglandin E2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with hyperlipidemia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.08.018","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.12.009","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.2702","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge for pediatricians","volume":"169","author":"Nobili","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.91","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 supplementation on liver steatosis and carotid intima-media thickness: a double-blind, one-way crossover randomized trial","volume":"3","author":"Lacasse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Sci & Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821b4b61","article-title":"Ultrasonographic quantitative estimation of hepatic steatosis in children With NAFLD","volume":"53","author":"Shannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-33","article-title":"The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population","volume":"6","author":"Bedogni","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.071356","article-title":"The science behind dietary omega-3 fatty acids","volume":"178","author":"Surette","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2008.07.005","article-title":"Lipid profile, fatty acid composition and pro- and anti-oxidant status in pediatric patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"79","author":"Spahis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/14.2.89","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Belanger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01377.x","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions","volume":"94","author":"Brunt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13814","article-title":"Fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Sviklane","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802694","article-title":"Insulin resistance syndrome in a representative sample of children and adolescents from Quebec, Canada","volume":"28","author":"Lambert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000097034","article-title":"Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness consensus (2004-2006). An update on behalf of the Advisory Board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk Symposium, 13th and 15th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, and Brussels, Belgium, 2006","volume":"23","author":"Touboul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.10.021","article-title":"Plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic heart failure in the GISSI-Heart Failure Trial: relation with fish intake, circulating biomarkers, and mortality","volume":"165","author":"Masson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0220","first-page":"997","article-title":"Macronutrient intake is correlated with dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation in childhood obesity but mostly in male obese","volume":"32","author":"Antunes Bde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-009-0062-2","article-title":"The omega-3 index: from biomarker to risk marker to risk factor","volume":"11","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.02.030","article-title":"The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?","volume":"39","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity","volume":"40","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0240","series-title":"Table 105-0501 and Catalogue no. 82-221-X","article-title":"Body mass index, self-reported, youth (12 to 17 years old), overweight or obese","author":"Canada Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.077","article-title":"Prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase among US adolescents and associated factors: NHANES 1999-2004","volume":"133","author":"Fraser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1125","article-title":"Gender-specific prevalences of fatty liver in obese children and adolescents: roles of body fat distribution, sex steroids, and insulin resistance","volume":"94","author":"Denzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.106","article-title":"Obese boys at increased risk for nonalcoholic liver disease: evaluation of 16,390 overweight or obese children and adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Wiegand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0260","first-page":"23","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Albanian overweight children","volume":"66","author":"Kodhelaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24452","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultrasonography for the detection of fatty liver: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Hernaez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.04.068","article-title":"Relationship between hepatic\/visceral fat and hepatic insulin resistance in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"133","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904944106","article-title":"Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity","volume":"106","author":"Fabbrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23256","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities","volume":"120","author":"Sanyal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000282087","article-title":"Liver fat in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.01.011","article-title":"Alterations in lipid, carbohydrate and iron metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5051544","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its connection with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Gaggini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.01.027","article-title":"Association between quantity of liver fat and cardiovascular risk in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease independent of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Arulanandan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02804.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator, a novel score which rules out NASH and is correlated with metabolic parameters in NAFLD","volume":"32","author":"Ballestri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1276","article-title":"Fatty liver increases the association of metabolic syndrome with diabetes and atherosclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Juarez-Rojas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0315","article-title":"Prediction of metabolic syndrome by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in northern urban Han Chinese population: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.002","article-title":"The clinical availability of non alcoholic fatty liver disease as an early predictor of the metabolic syndrome in Korean men: 5-year's prospective cohort study","volume":"227","author":"Ryoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.09.020","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a precursor of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Lonardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22350","article-title":"Visceral fat: a key mediator of steatohepatitis in metabolic liver disease","volume":"48","author":"van der Poorten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9406-z","article-title":"Should visceral fat, strictly linked to hepatic steatosis, be depleted to improve survival?","volume":"7","author":"Finelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-006-1790-5","article-title":"Visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance are important factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Eguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.7.8638","article-title":"Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men","volume":"87","author":"Seppala-Lindroos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1139\/h06-112","article-title":"Independent associations between liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, and metabolic risk factors in men","volume":"32","author":"McMillan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-006-1392-2","article-title":"The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytes","volume":"40","author":"Sands","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002305","article-title":"Efficacy of the Omega-3 Index in predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese adults: a pilot study","volume":"114","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess13226","article-title":"Proportion of nervonic acid in serum lipids is associated with serum plasmalogen levels and metabolic syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oleo Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.101857","article-title":"Plasma phospholipid very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident diabetes in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"101","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70146-9","article-title":"Differences in the prospective association between individual plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Forouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.01.056","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids therapy in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"166","author":"Janczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200508000-00008","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance","volume":"17","author":"Machado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2016.10.004","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridemia and high cardiovascular risk","volume":"11","author":"Casanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.11.007","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adding omega-3 fatty acids in statin-treated patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia: ROMANTIC (Rosuvastatin-OMAcor iN residual hyperTrIglyCeridemia), a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.09.005","article-title":"The effect of omega-3 carboxylic acids on apolipoprotein CIII-containing lipoproteins in severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"10","author":"Morton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.192401","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"96","author":"Nobili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.05.001","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Nogueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e318177024d","article-title":"Effects of N-3 fatty acids on hepatic triglyceride content in humans","volume":"56","author":"Vega","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.08.010","article-title":"The benefits of omega-3 supplementation depend on adiponectin basal level and adiponectin increase after the supplementation: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Barbosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.1749","article-title":"Long-term treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a monotherapy in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Boyraz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.10.003","article-title":"Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Spadaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6395","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.6395","article-title":"Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seal oils on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with hyperlipidemia","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0440","first-page":"575","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors by weight status in a population-based sample of Quebec children and adolescents","volume":"24","author":"Lambert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32832935b6","article-title":"Association between insulin, leptin, adiponectin and blood pressure in youth","volume":"27","author":"Lambert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.104158","article-title":"Low vitamin D status in a representative sample of youth from Quebec, Canada","volume":"54","author":"Mark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.046771","article-title":"Distribution of LDL particle size in a population-based sample of children and adolescents and relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"51","author":"Stan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955286317309415?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955286317309415?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T15:23:54Z","timestamp":1760628234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0955286317309415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0955286317309415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-2863"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0955-2863","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity and metabolic complications in obese children: impact of omega-3 fatty acids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}