{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T15:01:38Z","timestamp":1775833298845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T07:45:56Z","timestamp":1760514356000},"page":"110145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vitamin D3 and vitamin A synergistically prevent visuospatial memory impairment in mice model of the dopaminergic system disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Sirajo M.","family":"Umar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Atuadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0746-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kabir","family":"Shehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8669-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Oyem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Badamasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww175","article-title":"Visual dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"139","author":"Weil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0002","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Visual and spatial symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Davidsdottir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13081173","article-title":"Visual Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Nieto-Escamez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0004","article-title":"Liu B. Cognition deficits in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: mechanisms and treatment","volume":"2020","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.6.730","article-title":"Risk of dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a community-based, prospective study","volume":"56","author":"Aarsland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.95","article-title":"Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease","volume":"65","author":"Muslimovi\u0107","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00351-X","article-title":"Dementia associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Emre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.5.949","article-title":"Abnormal basal ganglia outflow in Parkinson\u2019s disease identified with PET. Implications for higher cortical functions","volume":"121","author":"Owen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00146965-200312000-00001","article-title":"A review of the cognitive and behavioral sequelae of Parkinson\u2019s disease: relationship to frontostriatal circuitry","volume":"16","author":"Zgaljardic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70138-2","article-title":"Functional brain activity and presynaptic dopamine uptake in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Ekman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02366-7","article-title":"Impairment of the visuospatial working memory in the patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: an fMRI study","volume":"21","author":"Kawashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3345","article-title":"Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease demonstrate deficits in visual-spatial memory in the Chinese Visual Retention Test","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1080\/13554791003730600","article-title":"Visual spatial cognition in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"16","author":"Possin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0014","first-page":"251","article-title":"Hemispatial neglect on visual search tasks in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Mendez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113731","article-title":"Spatial neglect and attention networks","volume":"34","author":"Corbetta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg200","article-title":"The anatomy of visual neglect","volume":"126","author":"Mort","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1005","article-title":"Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect","volume":"4","author":"Husain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.005","article-title":"Two visual systems re-viewed","volume":"46","author":"Milner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0019","first-page":"837","article-title":"Progressive worsening of spatial orientation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Diederich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28182","article-title":"Visual Impairment Is More Common in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Is a Risk Factor for Poor Health Outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Hamedani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2023-0053","article-title":"Vitamin A and vitamin D3 protect the visual apparatus during the development of dopamine-2 receptor knockout mouse model of Parkinsonism","volume":"20","author":"Umar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-231033","article-title":"Vitamin D reduces GABA-Positive Astrocytes in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"97","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040660","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor as a potential therapeutic target: vitamin D3 treatment improves cognitive dysfunction and dopamine levels in AD models","volume":"12","author":"Laso\u0144","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.64.e67739","article-title":"Vitamin D3 exerts immunomodulatory and memory improving properties in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation","volume":"64","author":"Doncheva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Med (Plovdiv)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0025","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Vitamin D: do we get enough? A discussion between vitamin D experts","volume":"12","author":"Brouwer-Brolsma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0026","first-page":"557","article-title":"Acute haloperidol administration evokes a rapid parkinsonian phenotype in mice","volume":"178","author":"Waku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0027","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\u2083 in aging-induced cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"813","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0028","article-title":"Vollmayr B. Vitamin D\u2083 supplementation improves spatial memory and modulates cytokines in aged rats","volume":"437","author":"Janecek-Timm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0029","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation improves cognition and reduces amyloid biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00402-7","article-title":"Apparatus design and behavioural testing protocol for evaluating spatial working memory in mice using spontaneous alternation T-maze","volume":"11","author":"d\u2019Isa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8994-2_10","article-title":"The Y-maze for assessment of spatial working and reference memory in mice","volume":"1916","author":"Kraeuter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108579","article-title":"A modified Barnes maze for accurate assessment of spatial learning in mice","volume":"334","author":"Illouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0033","article-title":"Evaluation of visuospatial memory in mice: adaptation of the visual water task","volume":"418","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0034","article-title":"High-calorie diet impairs spatial working memory: analysis using the Y-maze in rodents","volume":"238","author":"Asadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0035","article-title":"Fasudil attenuates LPS-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice","volume":"127","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0036","series-title":"Allen mouse brain atlas [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0037","first-page":"3.1.1","article-title":"Differential centrifugation for cell fractionation and organelle isolation","volume":"88","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0038","article-title":"Improved assay for lactate dehydrogenase activity in brain tissue homogenates","volume":"617","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0039","article-title":"A rapid ELISA-based protocol for lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes in rodent brain tissue","volume":"377","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0040","first-page":"125","article-title":"Validation of a commercial ELISA kit for dopamine measurement in mouse brain tissue","volume":"703","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0041","first-page":"441","article-title":"Modern approaches to hematoxylin and eosin staining in neuroscience research","volume":"69","author":"Baranowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0042","article-title":"Optimized antigen retrieval techniques for immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissues","volume":"339","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0043","first-page":"822","article-title":"Technical aspects of immunohistochemistry: recent advances and future directions","volume":"58","author":"Ramos-Vara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0046","article-title":"Automated thresholding methods for cell segmentation in neuroscience histology","volume":"15","author":"G\u00f3mez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0047","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust and efficient algorithms for the morphological analysis of particles: applications in neuroscience","volume":"27","author":"Dougherty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microsc Microanal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.47081\/njn2020.11.1\/003","article-title":"Proposed neuromorphological mechanism of dopamine-2 receptor blocker model of parkinsonism","volume":"11","author":"Sirajo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nig J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102366","article-title":"Supplementation with vitamins D3 and A mitigates parkinsonism in a haloperidol mice model","volume":"135","author":"Sirajo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0050","first-page":"112","article-title":"Chronic ultraviolet irradiation induces memory deficits via dopamine signaling","volume":"16","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0051","first-page":"654","article-title":"Vitamin D3 alleviates cognitive impairment through modulation of oxidative stress in db\/db mice","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0052","first-page":"541","article-title":"Malondialdehyde as a marker of oxidative stress in periodontal disease","volume":"54","author":"Cherian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory disease","volume":"10","author":"Kany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic vitamin D3 supplementation alleviates cognition and cortical pathology in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"112","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"15_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0055","first-page":"e19027","article-title":"Modeling the relationship between baseline lactate dehydrogenase level and survival in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0056","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measurement of malondialdehyde as oxidative stress marker in plasma of goats","volume":"137","author":"Yonny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0057","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Rani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204353","article-title":"Vitamin D and the Central nervous system: causative and preventative mechanisms in brain disorders","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040660","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor as a potential target for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Laso\u0144","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082245","article-title":"Vitamin D in neurological diseases: a rationale for a pathogenic impact","volume":"19","author":"Moretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112120","article-title":"Vitamin D3 and ischemic stroke: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Laso\u0144","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12585","article-title":"Functions of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, vitamin D3 receptor and interleukin-22 involved in pathogenesis of gout arthritis through altering metabolic pattern and inflammatory responses","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.445","article-title":"Structure of the full human RXR\/VDR nuclear receptor heterodimer complex with its DR3 target DNA","volume":"31","author":"Orlov","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"2 Dementia","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000309","article-title":"Lewy body dementias: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia","volume":"22","author":"Gomperts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0823-9","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's Disease-what is it?","volume":"18","author":"Weil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0477-8","article-title":"Astrocytes: integrative regulators of neuroinflammation in stroke and other neurological diseases","volume":"13","author":"Cekanaviciute","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.707466","article-title":"Role of the extracellular matrix in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006189","article-title":"Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease","volume":"1","author":"Serrano-Pozo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0069","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase predicting mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Zan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18060816","article-title":"Withaferin A rescues brain network dysfunction and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0071","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic vitamin D3 supplementation alleviates cognition and cortical pathology in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"112","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0072","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measurement of malondialdehyde as oxidative stress marker in plasma of goats","volume":"137","author":"Yonny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0073","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Rani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1266-6","article-title":"Vitamin D protects dopaminergic neurons against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in hemiparkinsonian rats","volume":"15","author":"Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03728-4","article-title":"Vitamin D (VD3) intensifies the effects of exercise and prevents alterations of behavior, brain oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in hemiparkinsonian rats","volume":"48","author":"da Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2006.2.4.252","article-title":"1\u03b1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D\u2083 protects dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of Parkinson\u2019s disease through inhibition of microglial activation","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9048-4","article-title":"Calcitriol protection against dopamine loss induced by intracerebroventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02450-7","article-title":"Vitamin D\u2083 attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats","volume":"904","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-016-9720-7","article-title":"Vitamin D treatment attenuates neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an animal model of Parkinson\u2019s disease, shifting M1 to M2 microglia responses","volume":"12","author":"Calvello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2378","article-title":"Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0081","first-page":"733059","article-title":"Liu Z.Role and mechanism of vitamin A metabolism in the pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.020","article-title":"Eyles DW. Vitamin D signaling and the differentiation of developing dopamine systems","volume":"333","author":"Pertile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIRY.0000040196.65686.2f","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuroprotective action of vitamin D\u2083","volume":"69","author":"Kalueff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Moscow)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2019.105665","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency induces the excitation\/inhibition brain imbalance and the proinflammatory shift","volume":"119","author":"Kasatkina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00105-9","article-title":"Zinc-induced apoptosis in substantia nigra of rat brain: neuroprotection by vitamin D\u2083","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145_bib0086","first-page":"213","article-title":"Demir S.Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"489","author":"Balaban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955286325003079?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955286325003079?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T12:13:25Z","timestamp":1765196005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0955286325003079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0955286325003079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-2863"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0955-2863","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D3 and vitamin A synergistically prevent visuospatial memory impairment in mice model of the dopaminergic system disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110145","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110145"}}