{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:58:28Z","timestamp":1786993108633,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1388,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]],"date-time":"2010-02-09T10:25:02Z","timestamp":1265711102000},"page":"621-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Hip strengthening reduces symptoms but not knee load in people with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"K.L.","family":"Bennell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.V.","family":"Wrigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.J.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.W.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"Hinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.7.520","article-title":"Radiographic patterns and associations of osteoarthritis of the knee in patients referred to hospital","volume":"52","author":"Ledingham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00025","article-title":"Unicompartmental arthritis of the knee","volume":"85-A","author":"Iorio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24336","article-title":"Does knee malalignment increase the risk of development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Tanamas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011742","article-title":"EULAR recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT)","volume":"62","author":"Jordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9<1905::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. 2000 update","volume":"43","author":"ACR Subcommittee on OA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.7.617","article-title":"Dynamic load at baseline can predict radiographic disease progression in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis","volume":"61","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22899","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of the peak knee adduction moment during walking in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis","volume":"57","author":"Birmingham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090114","article-title":"Interaction between active and passive knee stabilizers during level walking","volume":"9","author":"Schipplein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20379","article-title":"Correlation between the knee adduction torque and medial contact force for a variety of gait patterns","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0797","article-title":"Increased knee joint loads during walking are present in subjects with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Baliunas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00081-X","article-title":"The knee adduction moment during gait in subjects with knee osteoarthritis is more closely correlated with static alignment than radiographic disease severity, toe out angle and pain","volume":"20","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000119248.70353.a5","article-title":"Effects of knee pain relief in osteoarthritis on gait and stair-stepping","volume":"421","author":"Shrader","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199807)41:7<1233::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Knee adduction moment, serum hyaluronan level, and disease severity in medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"Sharma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(03)00063-2","article-title":"Guidelines for management of osteoarthritis published by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism: why are they so different?","volume":"29","author":"Roddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.12.013","article-title":"OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090058","article-title":"Land-based exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Fransen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib17","first-page":"156","article-title":"Physical therapy is effective for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Fransen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2003.50021","article-title":"A comparison of various therapeutic exercises on the functional status of patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100180202","article-title":"Relationship between quadriceps strength and rate of loading during gait in women","volume":"18","author":"Mikesky","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23823","article-title":"Does knee malalignment mediate the effects of quadriceps strengthening on knee adduction moment, pain, and function in medial knee osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22245","article-title":"Effects of strength training on the incidence and progression of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"55","author":"Mikesky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21262","article-title":"Secondary gait changes in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: increased load at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking","volume":"52","author":"Mundermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21406","article-title":"Hip abduction moment and protection against medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis progression","volume":"52","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.10.017","article-title":"Lateral trunk lean explains variation in dynamic knee joint load in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Hunt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.07.001","article-title":"Implications of increased medio-lateral trunk sway for ambulatory mechanics","volume":"41","author":"Mundermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200105000-00023","article-title":"Hip adductor muscle strength in patients with varus deformed knee","volume":"386","author":"Yamada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","article-title":"Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"29","author":"Altman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib28","first-page":"42","article-title":"The classification of osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Altman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21100","article-title":"A comparative assessment of alignment angle of the knee by radiographic and physical examination methods","volume":"52","author":"Kraus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-121","article-title":"The effects of hip muscle strengthening on knee load, pain, and function in people with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a randomised, single-blind controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Bennell","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib32","series-title":"JEGM, Amsterdam, Netherlands","article-title":"Modelling concepts in motion analysis","author":"Baker","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib33","first-page":"768","article-title":"Osteoarthritis clinical trials: candidate variables and clinimetric properties","volume":"24","author":"Bellamy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib34","first-page":"799","article-title":"Recommendations for a core set of outcome measures for future phase iii clinical trials in knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis \u2013 consensus development at OMERACT III","volume":"24","author":"Bellamy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00613-0","article-title":"Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain: which are reliable and valid?","volume":"85","author":"Crossley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.48.4.257","article-title":"A new test of dynamic standing balance for stroke patients: reliability, validity and comparison with healthy elderly","volume":"48","author":"Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80050-0","article-title":"Assessing performance-related disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"3","author":"Rejeski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.10.028","article-title":"Intrarater test\u2013retest reliability of hip range of motion and hip muscle strength measurements in persons with hip osteoarthritis","volume":"89","author":"Pua","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90053-4","article-title":"The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): development and evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Washburn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23249","article-title":"Effect of length on laterally-wedged insoles in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Hinman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.33225","article-title":"Effectiveness of a lateral-wedge insole on knee varus torque in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"83","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.006","article-title":"Explaining the hip adduction moment variability during gait: implications for hip abductor strengthening","volume":"24","author":"Rutherford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.03.021","article-title":"Experimentally reduced hip abductor function during walking: implications for knee joint loads","volume":"42","author":"Henriksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta3030","article-title":"The role of expectancies in the placebo effect and their use in the delivery of health care: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Crow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105243442106","article-title":"Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment","volume":"344","author":"Hrobjartsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.08.110","article-title":"Determinants of self-report outcome measures in people with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"87","author":"Maly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Limitations in activities in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: the relationship with body functions, comorbidity and cognitive functioning","author":"van Dijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080351","article-title":"A guide to interpretation of studies investigating subgroups of responders to physical therapy interventions","volume":"89","author":"Hancock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010_bib49","unstructured":"Hinman RS, Hunt MA, Creaby MW, Wrigley TV, McManus FJ, Bennell KL. Hip muscle weakness is present in individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum (in press)."}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458410000403?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458410000403?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:22:09Z","timestamp":1761016929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458410000403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458410000403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hip strengthening reduces symptoms but not knee load in people with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment: a randomised controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}