{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:04:43Z","timestamp":1790269483967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":747,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T23:08:25Z","timestamp":1323817705000},"page":"162-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Molecular differentiation between osteophytic and articular cartilage \u2013 clues for a transient and permanent chondrocyte phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Gelse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.B.","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Swoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.D.","family":"Carl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Olk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.F.","family":"Hennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Klinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9288-9","article-title":"Transplanted chondrocytes inhibit endochondral ossification within cartilage repair tissue","volume":"85","author":"Blanke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2005.04.003","article-title":"Subchondral bone overgrowth in the presence of full-thickness cartilage defects in the knee","volume":"12","author":"Henderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.05.003","article-title":"Results after microfracture of full-thickness chondral defects in different compartments in the knee","volume":"14","author":"Kreuz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200509000-00002","article-title":"The microfracture technique for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions in the knee. A prospective cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.11.006","article-title":"Osteophytes: relevance and biology","volume":"15","author":"van der Kraan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20652","article-title":"The control of chondrogenesis","volume":"97","author":"Goldring","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0129","article-title":"Differential effects of local application of BMP-2 or TGF-beta 1 on both articular cartilage composition and osteophyte formation","volume":"6","author":"van Beuningen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib8","first-page":"19","article-title":"Degenerative knee joint lesions in mice after a single intra-articular collagenase injection. A new model of osteoarthritis","volume":"71","author":"van der Kraan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Pathol (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00004-9","article-title":"Localization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in human osteoarthritic cartilage and osteophyte","volume":"11","author":"Nakase","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0873","article-title":"Osteophyte development\u2013molecular characterization of differentiation stages","volume":"11","author":"Gelse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2777::AID-ART465>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Anabolic and catabolic gene expression pattern analysis in normal versus osteoarthritic cartilage using complementary DNA-array technology","volume":"44","author":"Aigner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23124","article-title":"Cell-based resurfacing of large cartilage defects: long-term evaluation of grafts from autologous transgene-activated periosteal cells in a porcine model of osteoarthritis","volume":"58","author":"Gelse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1943::AID-ART332>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Fibroblast-mediated delivery of growth factor complementary DNA into mouse joints induces chondrogenesis but avoids the disadvantages of direct viral gene transfer","volume":"44","author":"Gelse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23034","article-title":"Resemblance of osteophytes in experimental osteoarthritis to transforming growth factor beta-induced osteophytes: limited role of bone morphogenetic protein in early osteoarthritic osteophyte formation","volume":"56","author":"Blaney Davidson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0779","article-title":"Extracellular regulation of BMP signaling in vertebrates: a cocktail of modulators","volume":"250","author":"Balemans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151242798","article-title":"Induction of primordial germ cells from murine epiblasts by synergistic action of BMP4 and BMP8B signaling pathways","volume":"98","author":"Ying","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74028-9","article-title":"Osteogenic protein-2. A new member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily expressed early in embryogenesis","volume":"267","author":"Ozkaynak","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.23.5515","article-title":"The BMP antagonist Gremlin regulates outgrowth, chondrogenesis and programmed cell death in the developing limb","volume":"126","author":"Merino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29349","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603833200","article-title":"BMP4 activation and secretion are negatively regulated by an intracellular gremlin-BMP4 interaction","volume":"281","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5917","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168755","article-title":"A\u00a0self-regulatory system of interlinked signaling feedback loops controls mouse limb patterning","volume":"323","author":"Benazet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.10.006","article-title":"Molecular differentiation in epiphyseal and physeal cartilage. Prominent role for gremlin in maintaining hypertrophic chondrocytes in epiphyseal cartilage","volume":"390","author":"Shapiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.07099","article-title":"Gradients in bone morphogenetic protein-related gene expression across the growth plate","volume":"193","author":"Nilsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20441","article-title":"Differential gene expression and regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonists follistatin and gremlin in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts","volume":"50","author":"Tardif","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0981-9","article-title":"Levels of expression for BMP-7 and several BMP antagonists may play an integral role in a fracture nonunion: a pilot study","volume":"467","author":"Fajardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007","article-title":"Elevated levels of gremlin-1 in eutopic endometrium and peripheral serum in patients with endometriosis","volume":"91","author":"Sha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E92","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00268.2004","article-title":"Human stanniocalcin-2 exhibits potent growth-suppressive properties in transgenic mice independently of growth hormone and IGFs","volume":"288","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.046","article-title":"Mutant WISP3 triggers the phenotype shift of articular chondrocytes by promoting sensitivity to IGF-1 hypothesis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy (SEDT-PA)","volume":"68","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32001","article-title":"The CCN family member Wisp3, mutant in progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia, modulates BMP and Wnt signaling","volume":"117","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.08.007","article-title":"WISP3 suppresses insulin-like growth factor signaling in human chondrocytes","volume":"279","author":"Cui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0498","article-title":"The Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein-1 is a negative regulator of trabecular bone formation in adult mice","volume":"18","author":"Bodine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400934","article-title":"S100A1 and S100B, transcriptional targets of SOX trio, inhibit terminal differentiation of chondrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Saito","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(00)00094-9","article-title":"Transcriptional mechanisms of chondrocyte differentiation","volume":"19","author":"de Crombrugghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e09-03-0227","article-title":"Sox9 family members negatively regulate maturation and calcification of chondrocytes through up-regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein","volume":"20","author":"Amano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.22.4523","article-title":"BMP and Ihh\/PTHrP signaling interact to coordinate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation","volume":"128","author":"Minina","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27565","article-title":"Human articular chondrocytes secrete parathyroid hormone-related protein and inhibit hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cells in coculture during chondrogenesis","volume":"62","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib36","first-page":"236","article-title":"Differential expression of collagen types I, II, III, and X in human osteophytes","volume":"73","author":"Aigner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0832-8","article-title":"Regulation of bone development and extracellular matrix protein genes by RUNX2","volume":"339","author":"Komori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23504","article-title":"Differential expression of GADD45beta in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage: potential role in homeostasis of articular chondrocytes","volume":"58","author":"Ijiri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38544","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504202200","article-title":"A\u00a0novel role for GADD45beta as a mediator of MMP-13 gene expression during chondrocyte terminal differentiation","volume":"280","author":"Ijiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504875200","article-title":"The Wnt-inducible transcription factor Twist1 inhibits chondrogenesis","volume":"281","author":"Reinhold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.03.037","article-title":"Twist1 homodimers enhance FGF responsiveness of the cranial sutures and promote suture closure","volume":"318","author":"Connerney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9372-1","article-title":"Sclerostin: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"87","author":"Moester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.04.014","article-title":"Increased chondrocyte sclerostin may protect against cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509338340","article-title":"Sclerostin in mineralized matrices and van Buchem disease","volume":"88","author":"van Bezooijen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.03.018","article-title":"SOST is a target gene for PTH in bone","volume":"37","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(199607)62:1<1::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Expression of bone-specific genes by hypertrophic chondrocytes: implication of the complex functions of the hypertrophic chondrocyte during endochondral bone development","volume":"62","author":"Gerstenfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.11.11.0008","article-title":"Human and murine osteocalcin gene expression: conserved tissue restricted expression and divergent responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in\u00a0vivo","volume":"11","author":"Sims","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.004226","article-title":"Complementary interplay between matrix metalloproteinase-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and osteoclast function drives endochondral bone formation","volume":"3","author":"Ortega","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10435","article-title":"Fracture healing as a post-natal developmental process: molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation","volume":"88","author":"Gerstenfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22174","article-title":"Large-scale gene expression profiling reveals major pathogenetic pathways of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Aigner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-26","article-title":"Statistical implications of pooling RNA samples\u00a0for microarray experiments.","volume":"4","author":"Peng","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458411003402?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458411003402?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:27:32Z","timestamp":1761017252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458411003402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458411003402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.14253969.15768072","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular differentiation between osteophytic and articular cartilage \u2013 clues for a transient and permanent chondrocyte phenotype","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}