{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:22:09Z","timestamp":1786360929004,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T00:37:46Z","timestamp":1419381466000},"page":"383-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hidden osteophyte formation on plain X-ray is the predictive factor for development of knee osteoarthritis after 48 months \u2013 data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8576-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Katsuragi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sasho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Muramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mukoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Akatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20041","article-title":"Prevalence of specific types of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the ambulatory health care system in the United States, 2001-2005","volume":"62","author":"Sacks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmh700","article-title":"The prevalence and history of knee osteoarthritis in general practice: a case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Bedson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22565","article-title":"Medical care expenditures and earnings losses among persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in 2003, and comparisons with 1997","volume":"56","author":"Yelin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib4","first-page":"2213","article-title":"Costs attributable to osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"MacLean","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324607","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in older adults with symptomatic hip and knee osteoarthritis: a comparison with matched healthy controls","volume":"17","author":"Salaffi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib6","first-page":"S230","article-title":"The economic burden of osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Bitton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.10.595","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the community: definitions and normal joint space","volume":"57","author":"Lanyon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.11.009","article-title":"Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised","volume":"15","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1142-2","article-title":"Different thresholds for detecting osteophytes and joint space narrowing exist between the site investigators and the centralized reader in a multicenter knee osteoarthritis study\u2013data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"41","author":"Guermazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.04.005","article-title":"Prevalence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis and its association with knee pain in the elderly of Japanese population-based cohorts: the ROAD study","volume":"17","author":"Muraki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1063","article-title":"Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Eckstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.028","article-title":"MRI and non-cartilaginous structures in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Conaghan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.06.016","article-title":"The osteoarthritis initiative: report on the design rationale for the magnetic resonance imaging protocol for the knee","volume":"16","author":"Peterfy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib15","series-title":"Central Reading of Knee X-rays for K-L Grade and Individual Radiographic Features of Knee OA","author":"DT","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3532","article-title":"Propensity scores and M-structures","volume":"28","author":"Sjolander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.039370","article-title":"Double echo steady state magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage at 3 Tesla: a pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"65","author":"Eckstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.003","article-title":"Whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Peterfy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.433","article-title":"Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies","volume":"10","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib21","series-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual SAS Users Group International Conference","article-title":"Reducing bias in propensity score matched-pair sample using greedy matching techniques","author":"Parsons","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6004","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of 12 algorithms for matching on the propensity score","volume":"33","author":"Austin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","article-title":"Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association","volume":"29","author":"Altman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(97)80002-7","article-title":"The Bristol \u2018OA500\u2019 study: progression of osteoarthritis (OA) over 3 years and the relationship between clinical and radiographic changes at the knee joint","volume":"5","author":"Dieppe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.7.401","article-title":"Correlation between radiographically diagnosed osteophytes and magnetic resonance detected cartilage defects in the tibiofemoral joint","volume":"57","author":"Boegard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33344","article-title":"Prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging-defined atrophic and hypertrophic phenotypes of knee osteoarthritis in a population-based cohort","volume":"64","author":"Roemer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5339","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5339","article-title":"Prevalence of abnormalities in knees detected by MRI in adults without knee osteoarthritis: population based observational study (Framingham Osteoarthritis Study)","volume":"345","author":"Guermazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.007","article-title":"Pre-radiographic osteoarthritic changes are highly prevalent in the medial patella and medial posterior femur in older persons: Framingham OA study","volume":"22","author":"Hayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2262012190","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: MR imaging findings in different stages of disease and correlation with clinical findings","volume":"226","author":"Link","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr754oa","article-title":"Association between radiographic joint space narrowing, function, pain and muscle power in severe osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"18","author":"Barker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.04.001","article-title":"Relationship between knee pain and the presence, location, size and phenotype of femorotibial denuded areas of subchondral bone as visualized by MRI","volume":"21","author":"Cotofana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0828-0","article-title":"MRI assessment of knee osteoarthritis: Knee Osteoarthritis Scoring System (KOSS)\u2013inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility of a compartment-based scoring system","volume":"34","author":"Kornaat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066183","article-title":"The reliability of a new scoring system for knee osteoarthritis MRI and the validity of bone marrow lesion assessment: BLOKS (Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score)","volume":"67","author":"Hunter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-012-1445-y","article-title":"3-T MRI assessment of osteophyte formation in patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction","volume":"41","author":"Panzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.03.011","article-title":"Examining a whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging scoring system for osteoarthritis of the knee using Rasch analysis","volume":"14","author":"Conaghan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-009-1401-4","article-title":"Asporin and transforming growth factor-beta gene expression in osteoblasts from subchondral bone and osteophytes in osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Sakao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-1045-1","article-title":"Correlations between both the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and growth factor in medial perimeniscal synovial tissue and the severity of medial knee osteoarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Ning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.008","article-title":"Anatomical distribution of synovitis in knee osteoarthritis and its association with joint effusion assessed on non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"18","author":"Roemer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib39","first-page":"2597","article-title":"Radiographic methods in knee osteoarthritis: a further comparison of semiflexed (MTP), schuss-tunnel, and weight-bearing anteroposterior views for joint space narrowing and osteophytes","volume":"29","author":"Wolfe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30641","article-title":"Independent association of joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation at the knee with health-related quality of life in Japan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"63","author":"Muraki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458414013892?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458414013892?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:36:06Z","timestamp":1761017766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458414013892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458414013892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hidden osteophyte formation on plain X-ray is the predictive factor for development of knee osteoarthritis after 48 months \u2013 data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}