{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:57:58Z","timestamp":1788433078736,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T12:11:51Z","timestamp":1606133511000},"page":"50-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The association of BMI and physical activity on acetabular dysplasia in children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"W.K.","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4816-0885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"De Vos-Jakobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Bierma-Zeinstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.H.","family":"Waarsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0801","article-title":"Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects","volume":"10","author":"Hunziker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.162","article-title":"Emerging regulators of the inflammatory process in osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Liu-Bryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.11.013","article-title":"Biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Guilak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.11.007","article-title":"Cam impingement: defining the presence of a cam deformity by the alpha angle","volume":"22","author":"Agricola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh436","article-title":"Hip dysplasia: a significant risk factor for the development of hip osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional survey","volume":"44","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.07.004","article-title":"Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular dysplasia does: acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK)","volume":"21","author":"Agricola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.06.038","article-title":"Subclinical deformities of the hip are significant predictors of radiographic osteoarthritis and joint replacement in women. A 20 year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"455","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-38-455-810","article-title":"The aetiology of primary osteoarthritis of the hip","volume":"38","author":"Murray","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"213","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00004","article-title":"Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip","author":"Harris","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00840","article-title":"Acetabular development in the contralateral hip in patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"92","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jbjs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3107","article-title":"Evaluation and referral for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants","volume":"138","author":"Shaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02601.x","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip: controversies and current concepts","volume":"48","author":"Bracken","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib13","series-title":"Congenital Dysplasia and Dislocation of the Hip in Children and Adults","author":"T\u00f6nnis","year":"1987"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.05.021","article-title":"Growth plate mechanics and mechanobiology. A survey of present understanding","volume":"42","author":"Villemure","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e3283415927","article-title":"Late diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip: an analysis of risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20886","article-title":"Acetabular dysplasia predicts incident osteoarthritis of the hip: the Rotterdam study","volume":"52","author":"Reijman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39929","article-title":"Cam deformity and acetabular dysplasia as risk factors for hip osteoarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Saberi Hosnijeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.09.011","article-title":"Mechanical factors explain development of cam-type deformity","volume":"22","author":"Roels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0224-9","article-title":"The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017","volume":"31","author":"Kooijman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7244","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","article-title":"Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey","volume":"320","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00064.x","article-title":"Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity","volume":"7","author":"Cole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1004","article-title":"Active shape models-their training and application","volume":"61","author":"Cootes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Understand"},{"issue":"58","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib23","first-page":"53","article-title":"Studies on dysplastic acetabula and congenital subluxation of the hip joint: with special reference to the complication of osteoarthritis","volume":"83","author":"Wiberg","year":"1939","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032040-00004","article-title":"Legg-perthes disease: a method for the measurement of the roentgenographic result","volume":"32","author":"Heyman","year":"1950","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198305000-00013","article-title":"Acetabular dysplasia in the adult","volume":"175","author":"Cooperman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608988709","article-title":"The CE angle of normal hips","volume":"47","author":"Fredensborg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335010-00007","article-title":"Shelf operation in congenital dysplasia of the acetabulum and in subluxation and dislocation of the hip","volume":"35-A","author":"Wiberg","year":"1953","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608989714","article-title":"Observations in children with congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"47","author":"Fredensorg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib29","first-page":"697","article-title":"The association between mode of delivery and developmental dysplasia of the hip in breech infants: a systematic review of 9 cohort studies","volume":"78","author":"Panagiotopoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000403","article-title":"The occurrence of occult acetabular dysplasia in relatives of individuals with developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"36","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.06.030","article-title":"Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"de Hundt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.11.003","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of common risk factors associated with the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns","volume":"81","author":"Ortiz-Neira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.12.011","article-title":"Sex differences in whole body gait kinematics at preferred speeds","volume":"41","author":"Bruening","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470510030517","article-title":"Hip dysplasia and osteoarthrosis: a survey of 4151 subjects from the osteoarthrosis substudy of the copenhagen city heart study","volume":"76","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib35","first-page":"279","article-title":"Prevalence of radiographic findings associated with hip dysplasia in a population-based cohort of 2081 19-year-old Norwegians","volume":"95-B","author":"Enges\u00e6ter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone & Joint Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0631-4","article-title":"Bone geometry of the hip is associated with obesity and early structural damage \u2013 a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging study of community-based adults","volume":"17","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.10.1155","article-title":"Influence of obesity on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Lievense","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39707","article-title":"Association between overweight and obesity and risk of clinically diagnosed knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Reyes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N J )."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4668-0","article-title":"What risk factors and characteristics are associated with late-presenting dislocations of the hip in infants?","volume":"474","author":"Mulpuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.03.057","article-title":"The use of a fitbit device for assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers","author":"Byun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.6321","article-title":"How accurate is your activity tracker? A comparative study of step counts in low-intensity physical activities","volume":"5","author":"Alinia","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib42","first-page":"190","article-title":"Acetabular cover in congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"72","author":"Ogata","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone & Joint Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1283-3","article-title":"Radiological findings for hip dysplasia at skeletal maturity. Validation of digital and manual measurement techniques","volume":"41","author":"Enges\u00e6ter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.55B4.780","article-title":"Changes in shape of the human hip joint during its development and their relation to its stability","volume":"55-B","author":"R\u00e1li\u0161","year":"1973","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000119","article-title":"Recognition of minor adult hip dysplasia: which anatomical indices are important?","volume":"24","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib46","first-page":"27","article-title":"Acetabular morphometry for determining hip dysplasia in the Singaporean population","volume":"14","author":"Umer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.7.745","article-title":"Prevalence of hip osteoarthritis and acetabular dysplasia in French and Japanese adults","volume":"39","author":"Inoue","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.12.965","article-title":"Hip osteoarthritis and dysplasia in Chinese men","volume":"54","author":"Lau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458420311699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458420311699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:53:38Z","timestamp":1761018818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458420311699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458420311699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association of BMI and physical activity on acetabular dysplasia in children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}