{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:35:04Z","timestamp":1787956504048,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T23:27:29Z","timestamp":1608161249000},"page":"389-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Novel biomarkers of intervertebral disc cells and evidence of stem cells in the intervertebral disc"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.12.010","article-title":"Soluble factors from the notochordal-rich intervertebral disc inhibit endothelial cell invasion and vessel formation in the presence and absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Cornejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.06.003","article-title":"Influence of rabbit notochordal cells on symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration: anti-angiogenic capacity on human endothelial cell proliferation under hypoxia","volume":"25","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.05.022","article-title":"The embryonic and evolutionary boundaries between notochord and cartilage: a new look at nucleus pulposus-specific markers","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00021-3","article-title":"Biochemistry of intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential for gene therapy applications","volume":"1","author":"Cassinelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib5","first-page":"122","article-title":"Disc regeneration: a glimpse of the future","volume":"54","author":"Tow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.02.166","article-title":"Enrichment of committed human nucleus pulposus cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans under alginate encapsulation","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146101.53784.b1","article-title":"Biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: involvement of the extracellular matrix","volume":"29","author":"Roughley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2014.05.006","article-title":"Intervertebral disc regeneration: a great challenge for tissue engineers","volume":"32","author":"Colombier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092200402","article-title":"Human intervertebral disc: structure and function","volume":"220","author":"Humzah","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib10","first-page":"301","article-title":"The distribution and arrangement of elastic fibres in the intervertebral disc of the adult human","volume":"135","author":"Johnson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib11","first-page":"159","article-title":"Regional variations in the cellular matrix of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc","volume":"201","author":"Bruehlmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib12","first-page":"369","article-title":"Characterisation of cytoplasm-filled processes in cells of the intervertebral disc","volume":"192","author":"Errington","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(00)00069-3","article-title":"Regional variations in certain cellular characteristics in human lumbar intervertebral discs, including the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin","volume":"19","author":"Hastreiter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib14","first-page":"113","article-title":"Factors involved in the nutrition of the human lumbar intervertebral disc: cellularity and diffusion of glucose in vitro","volume":"120","author":"Maroudas","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2007.08.001","article-title":"The cell biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032353","article-title":"Design requirements for annulus fibrosus repair: review of forces, displacements, and material properties of the intervertebral disk and a summary of candidate hydrogels for repair","volume":"138","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-004-0053-8","article-title":"Single lamellar mechanics of the human lumbar anulus fibrosus","volume":"3","author":"Holzapfel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1570267","article-title":"Types I and II collagens in intervertebral disc. Interchanging radial distributions in annulus fibrosus","volume":"157","author":"Eyre","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00013","article-title":"Proteoglycan chemistry of the intervertebral disks","volume":"129","author":"Bushell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118884","article-title":"The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Antoniou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092040403","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the human intervertebral disc: II. Cells of the nucleus pulposus","volume":"204","author":"Trout","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.05.003","article-title":"Notochordal cells stimulate migration of cartilage end plate chondrocytes of the intervertebral disc in in vitro cell migration assays","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R22","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2929","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of bovine intervertebral disc cells: implications for identification of normal and degenerate human intervertebral disc cell phenotypes","volume":"12","author":"Minogue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27710","article-title":"Characterization of the human nucleus pulposus cell phenotype and evaluation of novel marker gene expression to define adult stem cell differentiation","volume":"62","author":"Minogue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.008128","article-title":"Tracing notochord-derived cells using a Noto-cre mouse: implications for intervertebral disc development","volume":"5","author":"McCann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib26","article-title":"Quantitative single-cell transcript assessment of biomarkers supports cellular heterogeneity in the bovine IVD","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144634","article-title":"Lumbar intervertebral disc mRNA sequencing identifies the regulatory pathway in patients with disc herniation and spondylolisthesis","volume":"750","author":"Bydon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib28","first-page":"4591","article-title":"Transcriptome signatures reveal candidate key genes in the whole blood of patients with lumbar disc prolapse","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v039a10","article-title":"Intervertebral disc and endplate cell characterisation highlights annulus fibrosus cells as the most promising for tissue-specific disc degeneration therapy","volume":"39","author":"De Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23205","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of putative notochordal cell markers reveals CD24 and keratins 8, 18, and 19 as notochord-specific markers during early human intervertebral disc development","volume":"34","author":"Rodrigues-Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01567-w","article-title":"Notochordal and nucleus pulposus marker expression is maintained by sub-populations of adult human nucleus pulposus cells through aging and degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Richardson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5150-3","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling distinguishes inner and outer annulus fibrosus from nucleus pulposus in the bovine intervertebral disc","volume":"26","author":"van den Akker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061761","article-title":"Quality assessment of surgical disc samples discriminates human annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus on tissue and molecular level","volume":"19","author":"Schubert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.02.008","article-title":"Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: lessons from embryonic development","volume":"132","author":"Murry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08602","article-title":"Designing materials to direct stem-cell fate","volume":"462","author":"Lutolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.28.2000184","article-title":"Identification of novel nucleus pulposus markers: interspecies variations and implications for cell-based therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Rodrigues-Pinto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib37","first-page":"16","article-title":"Potential biomarkers of the mature intervertebral disc identified at the single cell level","volume":"234","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101525","article-title":"MicroRNA-221 silencing attenuates the degenerated phenotype of intervertebral disc cells","volume":"10","author":"Penolazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903463","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903463","article-title":"Dissolvable polyacrylamide beads for high-throughput droplet DNA bar coding","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15931.1","article-title":"Q\u00a0Screen: a tool for multi-genome mapping and quality control","volume":"7","author":"Wingett","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa189","article-title":"Projected t-SNE for batch correction","volume":"36","author":"Aliverti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23872","article-title":"Inflammatory and degenerative phases resulting from anterior cruciate rupture in a non-invasive murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis","volume":"36","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6554","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14400","article-title":"Circ_0136474 and MMP-13 suppressed cell proliferation by competitive binding to miR-127-5p in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-041818-011649","article-title":"Hiding in plain sight: interleukin-11 emerges as a master regulator of fibrosis, tissue integrity, and stromal inflammation","volume":"71","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13325","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13325","article-title":"AKAP12 deficiency impairs VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and sprouting","volume":"228","author":"Benz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13359","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13359","article-title":"The role of AKAP12 in coordination of VEGF-induced endothelial cell motility","volume":"228","author":"Walker-Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Oxf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63013-8","article-title":"Matrix Gla protein is an independent predictor of both intimal and medial vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Jaminon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016121265","article-title":"BPI fold-containing family A member 2\/parotid secretory protein is an early biomarker of AKI","volume":"28","author":"Kota","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L321","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00056.2018","article-title":"BPIFA1 regulates lung neutrophil recruitment and interferon signaling during acute inflammation","volume":"316","author":"Britto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25112","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25112","article-title":"Plet1 is an epigenetically regulated cell surface protein that provides essential cues to direct trophoblast stem cell differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601540","article-title":"IL-17A-Induced PLET1 expression contributes to tissue repair and colon tumorigenesis","volume":"199","author":"Zepp","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63750","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18908","article-title":"Increasing UCP2 expression and decreasing NOX1\/4 expression maintain chondrocyte phenotype by reducing reactive oxygen species production","volume":"8","author":"Miao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01748-x","article-title":"Astroglial TLR9 antagonism promotes chemotaxis and alternative activation of macrophages via modulation of astrocyte-derived signals: implications for spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12785","article-title":"Slfn2 mutation-induced loss of T-cell quiescence leads to elevated de novo sterol synthesis","volume":"152","author":"Omar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.11044FP","article-title":"Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is inhibited by hyaluronan via intercellular adhesion Molecule-1 in articular chondrocytes stimulated with type II collagen peptide","volume":"118","author":"Yasuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.04.002","article-title":"CD146\/MCAM distinguishes stem cell subpopulations with distinct migration and regenerative potential in degenerative intervertebral discs","volume":"27","author":"Wangler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2226","article-title":"Exhaustion of nucleus pulposus progenitor cells with ageing and degeneration of the intervertebral disc","volume":"3","author":"Sakai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1150-z","article-title":"Correction to: angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2 distinguishes multipotent differentiation capability in bovine coccygeal nucleus pulposus cells","volume":"10","author":"Tekari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"631","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.01.023","article-title":"Comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing methods","volume":"65","author":"Ziegenhain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0096-5","article-title":"Phenotype molding of stromal cells in the lung tumor microenvironment","volume":"24","author":"Lambrechts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0078-7","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of breast cancer T cells reveals a tissue-resident memory subset associated with improved prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Savas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-2728","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal endothelial cell heterogeneity in tumors and changes following antiangiogenic treatment","volume":"78","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canc Res"},{"issue":"672","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.04.003","article-title":"An immunocompetent mouse model of Zika virus infection","volume":"23","author":"Gorman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aan8664","article-title":"Precursors of human CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes identified by single-cell transcriptome analysis","volume":"3","author":"Patil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0051-0","article-title":"Single-cell gene expression reveals a landscape of regulatory T cell phenotypes shaped by the TCR","volume":"19","author":"Zemmour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01560-x","article-title":"Construction of developmental lineage relationships in the mouse mammary gland by single-cell RNA profiling","volume":"8","author":"Pal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7786","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710470114","article-title":"Integrative single-cell and cell-free plasma RNA transcriptomics elucidates placental cellular dynamics","volume":"114","author":"Tsang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-12-821413","article-title":"A\u00a0single-cell hematopoietic landscape resolves 8 lineage trajectories and defects in Kit mutant mice","volume":"131","author":"Dahlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215926","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identifies meniscus progenitors and reveals the progression of meniscus degeneration","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.072","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals cellular diversity and intercommunication in the mouse heart","volume":"22","author":"Skelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24489","article-title":"A\u00a0single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium","volume":"551","author":"Haber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.010","article-title":"Single-cell deconvolution of fibroblast heterogeneity in mouse pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018030238","article-title":"A\u00a0single-cell transcriptome atlas of the mouse glomerulus","volume":"29","author":"Karaiskos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070121","article-title":"Articular cartilage and intervertebral disc proteoglycans differ in structure: an electron microscopic study","volume":"7","author":"Buckwalter","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib76","first-page":"363","article-title":"Nucleus pulposus repair with cultured autologous elastic cartilage derived chondrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Gorensek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v008a06","article-title":"Distinction between the extracellular matrix of the nucleus pulposus and hyaline cartilage: a requisite for tissue engineering of intervertebral\u00a0disc","volume":"8","author":"Mwale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2009.12.001","article-title":"Caprine articular, meniscus and intervertebral disc cartilage: an integral analysis of collagen network and chondrocytes","volume":"29","author":"Vonk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22789","article-title":"Defining the phenotype of young healthy nucleus pulposus cells: recommendations of the Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 annual ORS meeting","volume":"33","author":"Risbud","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0889-6","article-title":"Nerves are more abundant than blood vessels in the degenerate human intervertebral disc","volume":"17","author":"Binch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib81","first-page":"86","article-title":"Nerves and blood vessels in degenerated intervertebral discs are confined to physically disrupted tissue","volume":"233","author":"Lama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2017.0213","article-title":"Cell clusters are indicative of stem cell activity in the degenerate intervertebral disc: can their properties be manipulated to improve intrinsic repair of the disc?","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3500-y","article-title":"Viability, growth kinetics and stem cell markers of single and clustered cells in human intervertebral discs: implications for regenerative therapies","volume":"23","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13664","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28640","article-title":"The inflammatory cytokine TNF-\u03b1 regulates the biological behavior of rat nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells through the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in vitro","volume":"120","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib85","first-page":"7412304","article-title":"Intervertebral disc-derived stem\/progenitor cells as a promising cell source for intervertebral disc regeneration","volume":"2018","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2019.1570168","article-title":"The effect of intervertebral disc degenerative change on biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cell: an in vitro study in rats","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4168-7","article-title":"The presence of stem cells in potential stem cell niches of the intervertebral disc region: an in vitro study on rats","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-009-9121-4","article-title":"Both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are involved in disc cell apoptosis and intervertebral disc degeneration in rats","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.07.004","article-title":"NFAT5\/TonEBP controls early acquisition of notochord phenotypic markers, collagen composition, and sonic hedgehog signaling during mouse intervertebral disc embryogenesis","volume":"455","author":"Tessier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7311-3_12","article-title":"Zic family proteins in emerging biomedical studies","volume":"1046","author":"Aruga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0414-y","article-title":"Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders\/degeneration?","volume":"17","author":"Alini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib92","first-page":"543","article-title":"Animal models for disc degeneration-an update","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.02.016","article-title":"Animal models for human disc degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib94","first-page":"E267","article-title":"Animal models of disc degeneration\u00a0and major genetic strategies","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.12.009","article-title":"Mfn2 is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration through autophagy modulation","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.10.007","article-title":"TIGAR mediates the inhibitory role of hypoxia on ROS production and apoptosis in rat nucleus pulposus cells","volume":"26","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.10.002","article-title":"Resistin promotes CCL4 expression through toll-like receptor-4 and activation of the p38-MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.05.012","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 12 is an indicator of intervertebral disc degeneration co-expressed with fibrotic markers","volume":"24","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458420312218?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458420312218?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1761018877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458420312218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458420312218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel biomarkers of intervertebral disc cells and evidence of stem cells in the intervertebral disc","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}