{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T18:13:48Z","timestamp":1782152028650,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S021280\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S021280\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00,011\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00,011\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S00405X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S00405X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000739","name":"University of Southampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["209233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S00405X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S00405X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:23:58Z","timestamp":1629419038000},"page":"1521-1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cam morphology but neither acetabular dysplasia nor pincer morphology is associated with osteophytosis throughout the hip: findings from a cross-sectional study in UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"B.G.","family":"Faber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ebsim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.R.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Frysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Aspden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.C.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Davey Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Cootes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.H.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10182","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib1","first-page":"1745","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis. Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib2","unstructured":"Registry NJ. reportNational Joint Registry Annual Report 2017 2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000673","article-title":"Unpicking observational relationships between hip shape and osteoarthritis: hype or hope?","volume":"32","author":"Faber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"362","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.31.362.618","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"Lloyd-Roberts","year":"1955","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39929","article-title":"Cam deformity and acetabular dysplasia as risk factors for hip osteoarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Saberi Hosnijeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.06.038","article-title":"Subclinical deformities of the hip are significant predictors of radiographic osteoarthritis and joint replacement in women. A 20 year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01674","article-title":"Prevalence of malformations of the hip joint and their relationship to sex, groin pain, and risk of osteoarthritis: a population-based survey","volume":"92","author":"Gosvig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000096804.78689.c2","article-title":"Femoroacetabular impingement: a cause for osteoarthritis of the hip","volume":"417","author":"Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0409-3","article-title":"Hip osteoarthritis: etiopathogenesis and implications for management","volume":"33","author":"Murphy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61653-4","article-title":"Sex differences in proximal femur shape: findings from a population-based study in adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Frysz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3605","article-title":"Identification of novel loci associated with hip shape: a meta-analysis of genomewide association studies","volume":"34","author":"Baird","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0052-4","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of developmental dysplasia of the hip identifies an association with GDF5","volume":"1","author":"Hatzikotoulas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094773","article-title":"What causes cam deformity and femoroacetabular impingement: still too many questions to provide clear answers","volume":"50","author":"Agricola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099328","article-title":"Cam morphology in young male football players mostly develops before proximal femoral growth plate closure: a prospective study with 5-yearfollow-up","volume":"53","author":"van Klij","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096743","article-title":"The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI syndrome): an international consensus statement","volume":"50","author":"Griffin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l185","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l185","article-title":"Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with physiotherapy and activity modification for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement: multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"Palmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517751912","article-title":"Arthroscopic surgery or physical therapy for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Mansell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10136","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31202-9","article-title":"Hip arthroscopy versus best conservative care for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (UK FASHIoN): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Griffin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.07.004","article-title":"Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular dysplasia does: acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK)","volume":"21","author":"Agricola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0646-0","article-title":"The concept of femoroacetabular impingement: current status and future perspectives","volume":"467","author":"Leunig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.11.042","article-title":"Prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement imaging findings in asymptomatic volunteers: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2014.08.003","article-title":"Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of kellgren-lawrence grading for osteoarthritis using radiographs and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images","volume":"18","author":"Yoshida","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"7726","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2508-1","article-title":"Osteoporosis epidemiology in UK Biobank: a unique opportunity for international researchers","volume":"24","author":"Harvey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib25","article-title":"Osteophyte size and location on hip DXA scans are associated with hip pain: findings from a cross sectional study in UK Biobank","author":"Faber","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib26","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Development of a machine learning-based fully automated hip annotation system for DXA scans","author":"Ebsim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Bone Research Society Annual Meeting"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2258030","article-title":"Fully automatic segmentation of the proximal femur using random forest regression voting","volume":"32","author":"Lindner","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115687","article-title":"Defining osteoarthritis of the hip for epidemiologic studies","volume":"132","author":"Croft","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.06.007","article-title":"Prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis is increased in high bone mass","volume":"22","author":"Hardcastle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2010.12.012","article-title":"Hyper least squares fitting of circles and ellipses","volume":"55","author":"A Kanatani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib32","series-title":"Deriving Alpha Angle from Anterior-Posterior Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scans: An Automated and Validated Approach","author":"Faber","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201643","article-title":"Cam impingement causes osteoarthritis of the hip: a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK)","volume":"72","author":"Agricola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120938312","article-title":"Classifying cam morphology by the alpha angle: a systematic review on threshold values","volume":"8","author":"van Klij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib35","first-page":"187","article-title":"Involving patients in research: considering good practice","volume":"11","author":"Gooberman-Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscoskel Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850801935567","article-title":"The prevalence of cam-type deformity of the hip joint: a survey of 4151 subjects of the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study","volume":"49","author":"Gosvig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnz073","article-title":"Radiographic factors associated with hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Shapira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hip Preserv Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.09.006","article-title":"DXA-derived hip shape is related to osteoarthritis: findings from in the MrOS cohort","volume":"25","author":"Faber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179544120946747","article-title":"The differences in imaging findings between painless and painful osteoarthritis of the hip","volume":"13","author":"Kijima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2008.05.004","article-title":"The symptoms of osteoarthritis and the genesis of pain","volume":"34","author":"Hunter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin N Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.03.020","article-title":"Individuals with high bone mass have increased progression of radiographic and clinical features of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"28","author":"Hartley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"Suppl l_4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv43","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex419","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: the genesis of pain","volume":"57","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(97)80028-3","article-title":"The effects of position on the radiographic joint space in osteoarthritis of the hip","volume":"5","author":"Conrozier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.004","article-title":"OARSI Clinical Trials Recommendations: hip imaging in clinical trials in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Gold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnw035","article-title":"Imaging of femoroacetabular impingement-current concepts","volume":"3","author":"Albers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hip Preserv Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3049-3","article-title":"Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of dynamic three-dimensional CT analysis in detection of cam and pincer type femoroacetabular impingement","volume":"21","author":"Roling","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskel Disord"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458421008694?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458421008694?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:04:00Z","timestamp":1778519040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458421008694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458421008694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cam morphology but neither acetabular dysplasia nor pincer morphology is associated with osteophytosis throughout the hip: findings from a cross-sectional study in UK Biobank","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}