{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:11:20Z","timestamp":1791925880903,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHI 857\/9-1\/SCHI 857\/9-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHI 857\/9-1\/SCHI 857\/9-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR2407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR2407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T07:16:45Z","timestamp":1665559005000},"page":"49-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Changes of the subchondral bone microchannel network in early osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Taheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8391-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.O.","family":"B\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.H.","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jochim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Flux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Grosskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hawellek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.F.","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00518-6","article-title":"Emerging pharmaceutical therapies for osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Latourte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ","volume":"64","author":"Loeser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.2013007630","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: a critical review","volume":"24","author":"Onishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.09.018","article-title":"Subchondral bone as a key target for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"83","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4405","article-title":"Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: insight into risk factors and microstructural changes","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.05.023","article-title":"Bone\u2013cartilage interface crosstalk in osteoarthritis: potential pathways and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413282","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles allow epigenetic mechanotransduction between chondrocytes and osteoblasts","volume":"22","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200309000-00018","article-title":"Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: a biologic link with articular cartilage leading to abnormal remodeling","volume":"15","author":"Lajeunesse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3103","article-title":"Subchondral bone microstructural damage by increased remodelling aggravates experimental osteoarthritis preceded by osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Bellido","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib10","article-title":"Subchondral bone and osteoarthritis: biological and cellular aspects","volume":"23","author":"Henrotin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.51B4.747","article-title":"A\u00a0pathway for nutrients from the medullary cavity to the articular cartilage of the human femoral head","volume":"51","author":"Greenwald","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib12","first-page":"140","article-title":"The nutrition of mature and immature cartilage in rabbits. An autoradiographic study","volume":"51","author":"Hodge","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3109\/17453675009043414","article-title":"The contact between the articular cartilage and the medullary cavities of the bone","volume":"20","author":"Holmdahl","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769080-00015","article-title":"The tibial subchondral plate. A scanning electron microscopic study","volume":"69","author":"Duncan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030770","article-title":"Developmental transformation and reduction of connective cavities within the subchondral bone","volume":"20","author":"Taheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00864-x","article-title":"Investigating the microchannel architectures inside the subchondral bone in relation to estimated hip reaction forces on the human femoral head","volume":"109","author":"Taheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1206-6663","article-title":"Knorpel-Knochenmark-Mikro-Konnektoren im subchondralen Knochen","volume":"30","author":"Taheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-52","article-title":"The normal human chondro-osseous junctional region: evidence for contact of uncalcified cartilage with subchondral bone and marrow spaces","volume":"7","author":"Lyons","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.28","article-title":"Bone\u2013cartilage crosstalk: a conversation for understanding osteoarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Findlay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib20","first-page":"110","article-title":"L\u00fcckenbildungen der subchondralen Mineralisierungszone des Tibiaplateaus","volume":"3","author":"Milz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Osteologie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.2.138","article-title":"Subchondral vascularity in the human femoral head","volume":"29","author":"Woods","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860070-00005","article-title":"Subchondral route for nutrition to articular cartilage in the rabbit. Measurement of diffusion with hydrogen gas in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Ogata","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib23","first-page":"105","article-title":"The structure of vascular channels in the subchondral plate","volume":"171","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199805000-00017","article-title":"The importance of subchondral bone in osteoarthrosis","volume":"10","author":"Burr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3,4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib25","first-page":"389","article-title":"Subchondral bone and ligament changes precede cartilage degradation in Guinea pig osteoarthritis","volume":"43","author":"Quasnichka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0237-3","article-title":"Establishing outcome measures in early knee osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Emery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30306","article-title":"Changes in subchondral bone early in the development of osteoarthritis","volume":"63","author":"Mastbergen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050254","article-title":"Degenerative joint disease: cartilage or vascular disease?","volume":"26","author":"Imhof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.03.011","article-title":"Microcracks in subchondral bone plate is linked to less cartilage damage","volume":"123","author":"Zarka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2016.00087","article-title":"In vitro bone cell models: impact of fluid shear stress on bone formation","volume":"4","author":"Wittkowske","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0406-3","article-title":"Hyperphysiological compression of articular cartilage induces an osteoarthritic phenotype in a cartilage-on-a-chip model","volume":"3","author":"Occhetta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24069","article-title":"Increased hydraulic conductance of human articular cartilage and subchondral bone plate with progression of osteoarthritis","volume":"58","author":"Hwang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.004","article-title":"In early OA, thinning of the subchondral plate is directly related to cartilage damage: results from a canine ACLT-meniscectomy model","volume":"18","author":"Intema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30307","article-title":"Osteoarthritis induction leads to early and temporal subchondral plate porosity in the tibial plateau of mice: an in vivo microfocal computed tomography study","volume":"63","author":"Botter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.030","article-title":"Elevated cross-talk between subchondral bone and cartilage in osteoarthritic joints","volume":"51","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.130","article-title":"Bone remodelling in osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Burr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508318046","article-title":"Tibiofemoral contact pressures and osteochondral microtrauma during anterior cruciate ligament rupture due to excessive compressive loading and internal torque of the human knee","author":"Meyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-20","article-title":"A\u00a0role for subchondral bone changes in the process of osteoarthritis; A micro-CT study of two canine models","volume":"9","author":"Sniekers","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05240.x","article-title":"Articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","author":"Goldring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.04.035","article-title":"Effects of increased chronic loading on articular cartilage material properties in the Lapine tibio-femoral joint","volume":"43","author":"Roemhildt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(80)80054-7","article-title":"An investigation of radiological, clinical and pathological correlations in osteoarthrosis of the hip","volume":"31","author":"Meachim","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib42","first-page":"161","article-title":"Cartilage fibrillation in shoulder and hip joints in Liverpool necropsies","volume":"116","author":"Meachim","year":"1973","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib43","first-page":"341","article-title":"Topographical variation in the calcified zone of upper femoral articular cartilage","volume":"139","author":"Meachim","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.1.15","article-title":"A\u00a0post mortem study of the hip joint. Including the prevalence of the features of the right side","volume":"29","author":"Byers","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39970","article-title":"Partial- and full-thickness focal cartilage defects contribute equally to development of new cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis: the multicenter osteoarthritis study","volume":"69","author":"Guermazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-007-0050-1","article-title":"Development of partial-thickness articular cartilage injury in a rabbit model","volume":"466","author":"Jansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib47","first-page":"1","volume":"Vol. US20210298","author":"Schilling","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B5.2211774","article-title":"The structure of the human subchondral plate","volume":"72","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520951627","article-title":"Observation of solute transport between articular cartilage and subchondral bone in live mice","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1054-z","article-title":"The basic science of the subchondral bone","volume":"18","author":"Madry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458422008792?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458422008792?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:57:03Z","timestamp":1778587023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458422008792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458422008792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes of the subchondral bone microchannel network in early osteoarthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}