{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:00:38Z","timestamp":1793412038961,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001793","name":"Queensland University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018853","name":"The Prince Charles Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1176298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1176298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T17:59:35Z","timestamp":1752602375000},"page":"332-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Resolving microenvironment complexity and cellular heterogeneity in osteoarthritis via spatial transcriptomics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia RuJia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Prasadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.04.020","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.07.017","article-title":"Disease-modifying treatments for osteoarthritis (DMOADs) of the knee and hip: lessons learned from failures and opportunities for the future","volume":"24","author":"Karsdal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib4","series-title":"Joint Preservation of the Knee: A Clinical","first-page":"3","article-title":"Articular Cartilage: Structure and Restoration","author":"Baumann","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220132","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20220132","article-title":"The potential role of synovial cells in the progression and treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"3","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9","article-title":"Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression","volume":"18","author":"Sanchez-Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103618","article-title":"Synovial tissue from sites of joint pain in knee osteoarthritis patients exhibits a differential phenotype with distinct fibroblast subsets","volume":"72","author":"Nanus","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24036","article-title":"Zonal gene expression of chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage","volume":"58","author":"Fukui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/abdb73","article-title":"Roles of oxygen level and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway in cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue engineering","volume":"16","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.659654","article-title":"Macro, micro, and molecular. Changes of the osteochondral interface in osteoarthritis development","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20675","article-title":"Factors influencing the oxygen concentration gradient from the synovial surface of articular cartilage to the cartilage-bone interface: a modeling study","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.11.019","article-title":"Three decades of advancements in osteoarthritis research: insights from transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies","volume":"32","author":"Rai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00732-y","article-title":"Progress in multi-omics studies of osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomark. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38315","article-title":"Gene expression pattern of cells from inflamed and normal areas of osteoarthritis synovial membrane","volume":"66","author":"Lambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212863","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals the progression of human osteoarthritis","volume":"78","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02136-8","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveals novel chondrocyte and osteoblast subtypes and their role in knee osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01033-y","article-title":"Method of the Year: spatially resolved transcriptomics","volume":"18","author":"Marx","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00304-6","article-title":"Spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00317","article-title":"Shi T. Single-Cell RNA-Seq technologies and related computational data analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulzhanova G., Klee A., Botros M., Hansen V.L., Reuter J., Tashbib E.T., et al. Integrative scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics uncovers distinct macrophage-fibroblast cross-talk in human hip synovium between patients with femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis. 2024.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.09.627061"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02040-9","article-title":"Advances in spatial transcriptomics and its applications in cancer research","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03634-9","article-title":"Exploring tissue architecture using spatial transcriptomics","volume":"596","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01075-1","article-title":"An introduction to spatial transcriptomics for biomedical research","volume":"14","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01409-2","article-title":"Museum of spatial transcriptomics","volume":"19","author":"Moses","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42853","article-title":"Laser capture microscopy RNA sequencing for topological mapping of synovial pathology during rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Van Espen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2016.01.006","article-title":"Tomo-seq: a method to obtain genome-wide expression data with spatial resolution","volume":"135","author":"Kruse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.003","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomic analysis of cryosectioned tissue samples with Geo-seq","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0472-9","article-title":"Multiplex digital spatial profiling of proteins and RNA in fixed tissue","volume":"38","author":"Merritt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib29","article-title":"Association of synovial innate immune exhaustion with worse pain in knee osteoarthritis","author":"Philpott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01604-1","article-title":"Light-Seq: light-directed in situ barcoding of biomolecules in fixed cells and tissues for spatially indexed sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Kishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2403","article-title":"Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics","volume":"353","author":"Stahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib32","article-title":"Genome-wide spatial expression profiling in formalin-fixed tissues","volume":"1","author":"Gracia Villacampa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43458-x","article-title":"High resolution mapping of the tumor microenvironment using integrated single-cell, spatial and in situ analysis","volume":"14","author":"Janesick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02193-3","article-title":"High-definition spatial transcriptomic profiling of immune cell populations in colorectal cancer","volume":"57","author":"Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1219","article-title":"Slide-seq: A scalable technology for measuring genome-wide expression at high spatial resolution","volume":"363","author":"Rodriques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.003","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0739-1","article-title":"Highly sensitive spatial transcriptomics at near-cellular resolution with Slide-seqV2","volume":"39","author":"Stickels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.10.001","article-title":"In situ transcription profiling of single cells reveals spatial organization of cells in the mouse hippocampus","volume":"92","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2892","article-title":"Single-cell in situ RNA profiling by sequential hybridization","volume":"11","author":"Lubeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1049-y","article-title":"Transcriptome-scale super-resolved imaging in tissues by RNA seqFISH","volume":"568","author":"Eng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6090","article-title":"RNA imaging. Spatially resolved, highly multiplexed RNA profiling in single cells","volume":"348","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib42","first-page":"362","article-title":"Molecular, spatial, and functional single-cell profiling of the hypothalamic preoptic region","author":"Moffitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00370-8","article-title":"Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to elucidate intercellular tissue dynamics","volume":"22","author":"Longo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438","article-title":"The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function","volume":"1","author":"Sophia Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13930","article-title":"Phenotypic instability of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis: on a path to hypertrophy","volume":"1442","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-163-5_38","article-title":"The use of laser capture microdissection on adult human articular cartilage for gene expression analysis","volume":"755","author":"Fukui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23175","article-title":"Regional differences in chondrocyte metabolism in osteoarthritis: a detailed analysis by laser capture microdissection","volume":"58","author":"Fukui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224420","article-title":"Unveiling inflammatory and prehypertrophic cell populations as key contributors to knee cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis using multi-omics data integration","volume":"83","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057683","article-title":"Of mice, men and elephants: the relation between articular cartilage thickness and body mass","volume":"8","author":"Malda","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05573-y","article-title":"Mapping molecular landmarks of human skeletal ontogeny and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib51","article-title":"The OARSI histopathology initiative - recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the mouse","volume":"18","author":"Glasson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.02.048","article-title":"Spatial Transcriptomics of Joint Space-Interfacing Tissues Using a Pre-Clinical Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Rockel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.054","article-title":"Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal Unique Molecular Fingerprints of Chondrogenesis during Embryonic Limb Development","volume":"30","author":"Kulzhanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06806-x","article-title":"A human embryonic limb cell atlas resolved in space and time","volume":"635","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-021-00147-z","article-title":"Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib56","first-page":"53","article-title":"Mapping the spatial atlas of the human bone tissue integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomics","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib57","first-page":"20","article-title":"Regulatory Effects and Interactions of the Wnt and OPG-RANKL-RANK Signaling at the Bone-Cartilage Interface in Osteoarthritis","author":"Kovacs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06676-4","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis on subchondral bone marrow lesions of human osteoarthritis by integrating bulk and single-cell transcriptomes","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib59","first-page":"8","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of subchondral bone cell heterogeneity in the development of osteoarthritis","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib60","first-page":"12","article-title":"Analysis of spatial osteochondral heterogeneity in advanced knee osteoarthritis exposes influence of joint alignment","author":"Haberkamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadp8496","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp8496","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics in bone mechanomics: exploring the mechanoregulation of fracture healing in the era of spatial omics","volume":"11","author":"Mathavan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib62","first-page":"5009","article-title":"Imbalance of M1\/M2 macrophages is linked to severity level of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib63","first-page":"220","article-title":"Macrophages in the synovial lining niche initiate neutrophil recruitment and articular inflammation","author":"Zec","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.08.027","article-title":"Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: a review","volume":"20","author":"de Lange-Brokaar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib65","series-title":"Synovial Fluid Analysis and The Evaluation of Patients With Arthritis","first-page":"5","article-title":"Synovial Structure and Physiology in Health and Disease","author":"Scanzello","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1057-3","article-title":"Inhomogeneity of immune cell composition in the synovial sublining: linear mixed modelling indicates differences in distribution and spatial decline of CD68+ macrophages in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Mucke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-022-00446-2","article-title":"Synovial mast cells from knee and hip osteoarthritis: histological study and clinical correlations","volume":"9","author":"Farinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib68","first-page":"11","article-title":"Poster 116: Integrated scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics analysis uncovers distinct cellular populations and transcriptomes in human hip synovium between patients with femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis","author":"Reuter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.10.009","article-title":"Comparative analysis of late-stage rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis reveals shared histopathological features","volume":"32","author":"Boutet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225778","article-title":"ITGA5(+) synovial fibroblasts orchestrate proinflammatory niche formation by remodelling the local immune microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"84","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55441-y","article-title":"Exploring inflammatory signatures in arthritic joint biopsies with Spatial Transcriptomics","volume":"9","author":"Carlberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15293-5","article-title":"Integrated single cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal autoreactive differentiated B cells in joints of early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Hardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03050-3","article-title":"Three-dimensional spatial transcriptomics uncovers cell type localizations in the human rheumatoid arthritis synovium","volume":"5","author":"Vickovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111888","article-title":"Single cell transcriptome profiling of infrapatellar fat pad highlights the role of interstitial inflammatory fibroblasts in osteoarthritis","volume":"131","author":"Pu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099751","article-title":"What's the rate of knee osteoarthritis 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury? An updated systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Lie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadf4590","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf4590","article-title":"Single-cell atlas of human infrapatellar fat pad and synovium implicates APOE signaling in osteoarthritis pathology","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6390182","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6390182","article-title":"Contribution of Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Synovial Membrane to Knee Osteoarthritis Pain","volume":"2019","author":"Belluzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225928","article-title":"Cell and transcriptomic diversity of infrapatellar fat pad during knee osteoarthritis","volume":"84","author":"Peters","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadt5915","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt5915","article-title":"Adipose-derived leptin and complement factor D mediate osteoarthritis severity and pain","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215926","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identifies meniscus progenitors and reveals the progression of meniscus degeneration","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000894","article-title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Knee Osteoarthritis: An Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Webster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111109","article-title":"Identification of anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and their contribution to knee osteoarthritis progression using single-cell analyses","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib83","first-page":"12","article-title":"A single-cell atlas depicting the cellular and molecular features in human anterior cruciate ligamental degeneration: a single cell combined spatial transcriptomics study","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2024-eular.4309","article-title":"Op0327\u2005mapping the joint-nerve interactome of the knee: an integrative approach for identifying new strategies for the control of joint pain","volume":"83","author":"Malfait","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.02.034","article-title":"Mapping the joint-nerve interactome of the knee: an integrative approach for identifying new strategies for the control of joint pain","volume":"32","author":"Malfait","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabj8186","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj8186","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics of dorsal root ganglia identifies molecular signatures of human nociceptors","volume":"14","author":"Tavares-Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib87","first-page":"5","article-title":"Comparison of different fixation methods for combined histological and biomolecular analysis of fixed and decalcified bone samples","author":"Al-Maawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00556-8","article-title":"CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with DNA-conjugated antibodies","volume":"16","author":"Black","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib89","article-title":"Protocol for preparing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded musculoskeletal tissue samples from mice for spatial transcriptomics","volume":"5","author":"Wehrle","year":"2024","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2013.02.001","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of various decalcification agents on the quantity and quality of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) recovered from bone biopsies","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01478885.2024.2446038","article-title":"Resolving the bone - optimizing decalcification in spatial transcriptomics and molecular pathology","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Histotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36071-5","article-title":"Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of degraded and challenging fresh frozen samples","volume":"14","author":"Mirzazadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-024-02338-1","article-title":"A novel tape-free sample preparation method for human osteochondral cryosections for high throughput hyperspectral imaging","volume":"163","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-00935-2","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics at subspot resolution with BayesSpace","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04150-2","article-title":"Advances in spatial transcriptomics and related data analysis strategies","volume":"21","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275224.121","article-title":"Advances in spatial transcriptomic data analysis","volume":"31","author":"Dries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521038","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1521038","article-title":"Unraveling the spatial and signaling dynamics and splicing kinetics of immune infiltration in osteoarthritis synovium","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01247-y","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics enables probabilistic inference of cell type topography","volume":"3","author":"Andersson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib99","article-title":"Spatial gene expression in the adult rat patellar tendon","volume":"19-20","author":"Steffen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01613-2","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal changes in cell heterogeneity during progression of human tendinopathy","volume":"21","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Biol."}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458425010702?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458425010702?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:58:17Z","timestamp":1778198297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458425010702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458425010702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resolving microenvironment complexity and cellular heterogeneity in osteoarthritis via spatial transcriptomics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}