{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T05:54:04Z","timestamp":1785650044146,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,6]],"date-time":"2027-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1799193600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":370,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AR072571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR072571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AR070892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AR070892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000875","name":"PEW Charitable Trusts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS-2142091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS-2142091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007768","name":"Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007768","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013885","name":"Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T07:01:34Z","timestamp":1759993294000},"page":"18-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dampened inflammation and reduced risk of osteoarthritis among non-industrialized societies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Felson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8173-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia B.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuhina","family":"Neogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida K.","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Huebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0401-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia M.T.","family":"Sena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5087-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Kivell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0593-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas B.","family":"Holowka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9550-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Worthington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne A.L.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek V.","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01223-y","article-title":"The role of the immune system in osteoarthritis: Mechanisms, challenges and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Moulin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.06.005","article-title":"Fundamentals of osteoarthritis: Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"De Roover","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.09.012","article-title":"Osteoarthritis as a disease of mechanics","volume":"21","author":"Felson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0073-x","article-title":"Modern-day environmental factors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Berenbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9332","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703856114","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century","volume":"114","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.1.70","article-title":"Prevalence of large-joint osteoarthritis in Asian and Caucasian skeletal populations","volume":"40","author":"Inoue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11323","article-title":"Urbanization and knee cartilage growth among children and adolescents in western Kenya","volume":"3","author":"Holowka","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215886","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis risk in non-industrial societies undergoing an energy balance transition: Evidence from the indigenous Tarahumara of Mexico","volume":"78","author":"Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22919","article-title":"Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter-gatherers","volume":"29","author":"Raichlen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22711","article-title":"Energy expenditure and activity among Hadza hunter-gatherers","volume":"27","author":"Pontzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10135","article-title":"Modeling growth and senescence in physical performance among the Ache of eastern Paraguay","volume":"15","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"100587","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib12","article-title":"Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies","volume":"29-30","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib13","first-page":"3267","article-title":"Obesity and obesity-related behaviors among rural and urban adults in the USA","volume":"15","author":"Trivedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12785","article-title":"Hunter-gatherers as models in public health","volume":"19 1","author":"Pontzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20334","article-title":"Exploring the thrifty genotype\u2019s food-shortage assumptions: A cross-cultural comparison of ethnographic accounts of food security among foraging and agricultural societies","volume":"131","author":"Benyshek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthr."},{"issue":"10217","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32497-3","article-title":"Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality","volume":"395","author":"Popkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2007.00171.x","article-title":"Longevity among hunter-gatherers: A cross-cultural examination","volume":"33","author":"Gurven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Popul Dev. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity","volume":"9","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evol. Anthr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.136","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation as a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.05.002","article-title":"Serum adipokines in osteoarthritis: Comparison with controls and relationship with local parameters of synovial inflammation and cartilage damage","volume":"20","author":"de Boer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.10.010","article-title":"Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels are associated with local inflammatory findings in patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Pearle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.158","article-title":"Does lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation have a role in OA?","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42056","article-title":"Associations of body mass index with pain and the mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers in people with hand osteoarthritis","volume":"74","author":"Gl\u00f8ersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.08.005","article-title":"Biomarkers of inflammation \u2013 LBP and TLR \u2013 predict progression of knee osteoarthritis in the DOXY clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204494","article-title":"Circulating C reactive protein in osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.03.016","article-title":"Low innate production of interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 is associated with the absence of osteoarthritis in old age","volume":"18","author":"Goekoop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084657","article-title":"Innate production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 10 is associated with radiological progression of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Botha-Scheepers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2317232120","article-title":"Three common assumptions about inflammation, aging, and health that are probably wrong","volume":"120","author":"McDade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070076","article-title":"Low C-reactive protein levels in a traditional West-African population living in a malaria endemic area","volume":"8","author":"Eriksson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22296","article-title":"Analysis of variability of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in lowland Ecuador reveals no evidence of chronic low-grade inflammation","volume":"24","author":"McDade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04671.x","article-title":"Antitreponemal antibodies leading to autoantibody production and protection from atherosclerosis in Kitavans from Papua New Guinea","volume":"1173","author":"Agmon-Levin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20547","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut of Siberia","volume":"18","author":"Sorensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"2053","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib34","article-title":"Inflammaging is minimal among forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon","volume":"292","author":"Aronoff","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00888-0","article-title":"Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations","volume":"5","author":"Franck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12626","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager-horticulturalists","volume":"19","author":"Gatz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"10080","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30752-3","article-title":"Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: A cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"389","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007568","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205012","article-title":"The relative contribution of mechanical stress and systemic processes in different types of osteoarthritis: The NEO study","volume":"74","author":"Visser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01143-3","article-title":"The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in\u00a0osteoarthritis pain","volume":"20","author":"Binvignat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv10","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex399","article-title":"The role of fat and inflammation in the pathogenesis and management of osteoarthritis","volume":"57","author":"Urban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021096118","article-title":"Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of osteoarthritis","volume":"118","author":"Collins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2006.02.006","article-title":"Increased production of IL-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood from obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Poniachik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.05.009","article-title":"Gut microbiota and obesity-associated osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.05.008","article-title":"Both systemic and local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) burden are associated with knee OA severity and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.006","article-title":"Chondroprotection of leptin deficiency demystified?","volume":"31","author":"Kraus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: An update","volume":"93","author":"Tchernof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31056","article-title":"Increased liver localization of lipopolysaccharides in human and experimental NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Carpino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0010","article-title":"Insulin resistance and chronic cardiovascular inflammatory syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Real","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24008","article-title":"Comorbidities in osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Swain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23513","article-title":"Changes in pain sensitization after bariatric surgery","volume":"70","author":"Stefanik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5","article-title":"Obese and overweight individuals have greater knee synovial inflammation and associated structural and cartilage compositional degeneration: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"50","author":"Kanthawang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1019","article-title":"Body mass index and distribution of body fat can influence sensory detection and pain sensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Tashani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"issue":"1998","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib54","article-title":"Labour\u2019s pain: Strenuous subsistence work, mechanical wear-and-tear and musculoskeletal pain in a non-industrialized population","volume":"290","author":"Stieglitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058660","article-title":"Orang Asli Health and Lifeways Project (OA HeLP): A cross-sectional cohort study protocol","volume":"12","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204191","article-title":"Sensitivity and sensitisation in relation to pain severity in knee osteoarthritis: Trait or state?","volume":"74","author":"Neogi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib57","first-page":"340","article-title":"Lifestyle and patterns of physical activity in Hadza foragers","volume":"182","author":"Sayre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Biol. Anthr."},{"issue":"7663","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23018","article-title":"Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality","volume":"547","author":"Althoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19905","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906902116","article-title":"Selection of endurance capabilities and the trade-off between pressure and volume in the evolution of the human heart","volume":"116","author":"Shave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001944","article-title":"Effects of physical activity in knee and hip osteoarthritis: A systematic umbrella review","volume":"51","author":"Kraus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42241","article-title":"Association between walking for exercise and symptomatic and structural progression in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort","volume":"74","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150071","article-title":"No association between daily walking and knee structural changes in people at risk of or with mild knee osteoarthritis. Prospective data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study","volume":"42","author":"\u00d8iestad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.04.009","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines mediate the effects of diet and exercise on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis independent of BMI","volume":"27","author":"Runhaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.277669","article-title":"Effects of intensive diet and exercise on knee joint loads, inflammation, and clinical outcomes among overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: The IDEA randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Messier","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00098","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in healthy middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0897-1","article-title":"The effect of chronic exercise training on leptin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"48","author":"Fedewa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155249","article-title":"High- and moderate-intensity training modify LPS-induced ex-vivo interleukin-10 production in obese men in response to an acute exercise bout","volume":"136","author":"Gerosa-Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: Mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease","volume":"11","author":"Gleeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00027.2018","article-title":"Energy constraint as a novel mechanism linking exercise and health","volume":"33","author":"Pontzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00538-4","article-title":"Interleukin 6 as an energy allocator in muscle tissue","volume":"4","author":"Kistner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2022.2147134","article-title":"Stepping up with GGIR: Validity of step cadence derived from wrist-worn research-grade accelerometers using the Verisense step count algorithm","volume":"40","author":"Rowlands","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-111120-105520","article-title":"Effects of evolution, ecology, and economy on human diet: Insights from hunter-gatherers and other small-scale societies","volume":"41","author":"Pontzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S216791","article-title":"How Western diet and lifestyle drive the pandemic of obesity and civilization diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kopp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods: What they are and how to identify them","volume":"22","author":"Monteiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.020","article-title":"The inflammatory potential of the diet as a link between food processing and low-grade inflammation: An analysis on 21,315 participants to the Moli-sani study","volume":"41","author":"Mignogna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0191-8","article-title":"The ancestral and industrialized gut microbiota and implications for human health","volume":"17","author":"Sonnenburg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","article-title":"The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Makki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160474","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: From molecules to man","volume":"45","author":"Calder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-025-01077-w","article-title":"Association of ultra-processed food-related metabolites with selected biochemical markers in the UK Biobank","volume":"24","author":"Kityo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163309","article-title":"Higher ultra-processed food consumption is associated with greater high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration in adults: Cross-sectional results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Lane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002688","article-title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Pagliai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.032","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and knee osteoarthritis outcomes: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Veronese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4075-5","article-title":"The association between the Mediterranean diet and magnetic resonance parameters for knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"37","author":"Veronese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210810","article-title":"Dietary intake of fibre and risk of knee osteoarthritis in two US prospective cohorts","volume":"76","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1589-6","article-title":"The relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and prevalence of radiographic symptomatic osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"58","author":"Veronese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199112123252405","article-title":"Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels and body weight in Tarahumara Indians after consumption of an affluent diet","volume":"325","author":"McMurry","year":"1991","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03602-0","article-title":"Immune and metabolic effects of African heritage diets versus Western diets in men: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Temba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68293","article-title":"Contrasting effects of Western vs Mediterranean diets on monocyte inflammatory gene expression and social behavior in a primate model","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508749","article-title":"Innate immunity and asthma risk in Amish and Hutterite farm children","volume":"375","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1684","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib90","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Early origins of inflammation: Microbial exposures in infancy predict lower levels of C-reactive protein in adulthood","volume":"277","author":"McDade","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3624","article-title":"Contact with farm animals in early life and juvenile inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study","volume":"120","author":"Radon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5567","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5567.490","article-title":"Allergy, parasites, and the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"296","author":"Yazdanbakhsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1220481","article-title":"The Old Friends Hypothesis: Evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs","volume":"4","author":"Rook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13944","article-title":"Regulation of immunity and allergy by helminth parasites","volume":"75","author":"Maizels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00664","article-title":"Helminth infections: Recognition and modulation of the immune response by innate immune cells","volume":"9","author":"Motran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011022","article-title":"Effects of helminths and anthelmintic treatment on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eow028","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in evolutionary perspective: A critical role for helminths?","volume":"2016","author":"Gurven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00431","article-title":"Helminth mediated attenuation of systemic inflammation and microbial translocation in helminth-diabetes comorbidity","volume":"10","author":"Rajamanickam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008101","article-title":"Helminth infection modulates systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Rajamanickam","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoab035","article-title":"Helminth infection is associated with dampened cytokine responses to viral and bacterial stimulations in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists","volume":"9","author":"Schneider-Crease","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evol. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib101","series-title":"Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution","first-page":"363","article-title":"Make new friends and keep the old? Parasite coinfection and comorbidity in Homo sapiens","author":"Martin","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1769","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib102","first-page":"20131671","article-title":"Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: The importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics","volume":"280","author":"Blackwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.034","article-title":"Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Langdon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09361-0","article-title":"The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Doonan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib105","article-title":"Gross ways to live long: Parasitic worms as an anti-inflammaging therapy?","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2020.04.001","article-title":"WEIRD bodies: Mismatch, medicine and missing diversity","volume":"41","author":"Gurven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy250","article-title":"Nutrition transition in 2 lowland Bolivian subsistence populations","volume":"108","author":"Kraft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S106345842501163X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S106345842501163X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:54:10Z","timestamp":1777607650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S106345842501163X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S106345842501163X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dampened inflammation and reduced risk of osteoarthritis among non-industrialized societies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}