{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:55:39Z","timestamp":1791633339314,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1157977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1157977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1174431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1174431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T16:48:13Z","timestamp":1765471693000},"page":"697-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The smallest worthwhile effects of strengthening exercise on pain intensity for people with knee osteoarthritis: A benefit-harm trade-off study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5487-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis","family":"Haber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Bennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison J.","family":"Hansford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"McAuley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Button","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurika","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Stratulate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana S.","family":"Hinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management: [NG266]. vol. 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25101","article-title":"Core Recommendations for osteoarthritis care: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines","volume":"75","author":"Conley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2025.06.010","article-title":"Recent highlights and uncertainties in exercise management of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"71","author":"Haber","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Physiother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.09.002","article-title":"Minimal important change and difference in health outcome: An overview of approaches, concepts, and methods","volume":"32","author":"Dekker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-073822","article-title":"A step-by-step approach for selecting an optimal minimal important difference","volume":"381","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015587","article-title":"Application of minimal important differences in degenerative knee disease outcomes: a systematic review and case study to inform BMJ Rapid Recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Devji","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib8","article-title":"Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"12","author":"Lawford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.06.018","article-title":"A critical review of methods used to determine the smallest worthwhile effect of interventions for low back pain","volume":"65","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X04273147","article-title":"Using benefit harm tradeoffs to estimate sufficiently important difference: the case of the common cold","volume":"25","author":"Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.02.018","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy for chronic low back pain: a benefit\u2013harm trade-off study","volume":"66","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.05.019","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect of primary care physiotherapy did not differ across musculoskeletal pain sites","volume":"101","author":"Christiansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2023.08.006","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect on pain intensity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise therapy for acute and chronic low back pain: a benefit-harm trade-off study","volume":"69","author":"Hansford","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Physiother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.07.006","article-title":"Research priorities for physical activity and exercise management of people with knee and hip osteoarthritis: a multi-stage international priority-setting study from the OARSI Rehabilitation Discussion Group (2025)","volume":"33","author":"Bennell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08902-x","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect on pain and function for rotator cuff repair surgery: a benefit-harm trade-off study","volume":"26","author":"Hansford","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.10.019","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect is superior to the MCID for estimating acceptable benefits of knee arthroplasty","volume":"152","author":"Henderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2025.02.012","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect of surgery versus non-surgical treatments for sciatica: a benefit-harm trade-off study","volume":"71","author":"Salame","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phyiother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"Von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00090-5","article-title":"Pain in clinical trials for knee osteoarthritis: estimation of regression to the mean","volume":"5","author":"Englund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1439-y","article-title":"Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA: D\u2122): evidence-based education and supervised neuromuscular exercise delivered by certified physiotherapists nationwide","volume":"18","author":"Skou","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2021.08.001","article-title":"Reported practices related to, and capability to provide, first-line knee osteoarthritis treatments: a survey of 1064 Australian physical therapists","volume":"25","author":"Barton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.70110","article-title":"Association Between Prescribed Dosage of Resistance Exercise and Change in Pain and Physical Function in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Regression","volume":"23","author":"de Wit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25313","article-title":"Are the effects of resistance exercise on pain and function in knee and hip osteoarthritis dependent on exercise volume, duration, and adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Marriott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.11.003","article-title":"Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA) updated Position Statement on exercise and physical activity for people with hip\/knee osteoarthritis","volume":"26","author":"Hinman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Spor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119887183","article-title":"The role of resistance training dosing on pain and physical function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib28","unstructured":"GLA:D\u00ae Australia, Program structure. \u3008https:\/\/gladaustralia.com.au\/glad-program-structure\/\u3009, 2017. (Accessed February, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0991","article-title":"Effects of a self-directed web-based strengthening exercise and physical activity program supported by automated text messages for people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"181","author":"Nelligan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15365","article-title":"Digital self-management interventions for people with osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Safari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib31","series-title":"ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","author":"Liguori","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02630-2","article-title":"Telerehabilitation consultations with a physiotherapist for chronic knee pain versus in-person consultations in Australia: the PEAK non-inferiority randomised controlled trial","volume":"403","author":"Hinman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib33","unstructured":"Deloitte, The value of accredited exercise physiologists to consumers in Australia. \u3008https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/au\/en\/services\/economics\/perspectives\/value-exercise-physiologists-australia.html\u3009, 2016. (Accessed February, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib34","unstructured":"GLA:D\u00ae Australia, FAQ for people with OA. \u3008https:\/\/gladaustralia.com.au\/faq-for-people-with-oa\/\u3009, 2022. (Accessed February, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100461","article-title":"Adverse events of exercise therapy in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Niemeijer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25476","article-title":"Relationship between number of prescribed lower-limb resistance exercises and exercise outcomes in people with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review with meta-regression and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Lawford B","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001189","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Training in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"149","author":"Paluch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1806","article-title":"Development of a consumer involvement strategy for a small university-based musculoskeletal research centre","volume":"21","author":"Nelligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib39","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5.","article-title":"Chapter 11: Undertaking network meta-analyses [last updated October 2019]","author":"Chaimani","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib41","article-title":"dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation","volume":"1","author":"Wickham","year":"2023","journal-title":"R. Package Version"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib42","series-title":"Ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib43","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","article-title":"The qualitative content analysis process","volume":"62","author":"Elo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib45","first-page":"e386","article-title":"Moderators of the effect of therapeutic exercise for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Holden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lacent Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.09.010","article-title":"How does hip osteoarthritis differ from knee osteoarthritis?","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.005","article-title":"OARSI Clinical Trials Recommendations: design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"McAlindon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2024.12279","article-title":"The smallest worthwhile effect on pain intensity of exercise therapy for people with chronic low back pain: a discrete choice experiment study","volume":"54","author":"Hansford","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458425012440?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458425012440?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:14:07Z","timestamp":1777882447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458425012440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1063458425012440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The smallest worthwhile effects of strengthening exercise on pain intensity for people with knee osteoarthritis: A benefit-harm trade-off study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}