{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:37:54Z","timestamp":1793371074962,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001275","name":"Oak Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OFIL-24\\u2013074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFIL-24\\u2013074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Foundation King Gustaf V 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006075","name":"Greta och Johan Kocks stiftelser","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005390","name":"Alfred \u00d6sterlunds Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010814","name":"Foundation for Assistance to the Disabled in Skane","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T15:37:44Z","timestamp":1766331464000},"page":"716-720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Why most responder analyses are misleading"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1460-2275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Turkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1091-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos","family":"Runhaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.107805","article-title":"Responder analysis for pain relief and numbers needed to treat in a meta-analysis of etoricoxib osteoarthritis trials: bridging a gap between clinical trials and clinical practice","volume":"69","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3155-0","article-title":"Responder analyses in randomised controlled trials for chronic low back pain: an overview of currently used methods","volume":"23","author":"Henschke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"6961","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6961.1041","article-title":"n of 1 trials comparing a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with paracetamol in osteoarthritis","volume":"309","author":"March","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150103500443","article-title":"Individual Therapy: New Dawn or False Dawn?","volume":"35","author":"Senn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Inf. J."},{"issue":"7472","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7472.966","article-title":"Individual response to treatment: is it a valid assumption?","volume":"329","author":"Senn","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6739","article-title":"Mastering variation: variance components and personalised medicine","volume":"35","author":"Senn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat. Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.09.026","article-title":"Pain trajectory groups in persons with, or at high risk of, knee osteoarthritis: findings from the Knee Clinical Assessment Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"22","author":"Nicholls","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019804","article-title":"Defining acute flares in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Parry","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000926","article-title":"Low Back Pain Flares: How do They Differ From an Increase in Pain?","volume":"37","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.01.005","article-title":"Flare-ups of osteoarthritis: what do they mean in the short-term and the long-term?","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00090-5","article-title":"Pain in clinical trials for knee osteoarthritis: estimation of regression to the mean","volume":"5","author":"Englund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib12","article-title":"Regression to the mean for physical function and quality of life in clinical trials for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis","author":"Englund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2222","article-title":"The importance of context (placebo effects) in conservative interventions for musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Saueressig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05454-8","article-title":"Placebo response and effect in randomized clinical trials: meta-research with focus on contextual effects","volume":"22","author":"Hafli\u00f0ad\u00f3ttir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.04.009","article-title":"Responder analysis and correlation of outcome measures: pooled results from two identical studies comparing etoricoxib, celecoxib, and placebo in osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Bingham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2023.11853","article-title":"Responder analyses: a methodological mess","volume":"53","author":"Cook","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.02.001","article-title":"OMERACT-OARSI Initiative: Osteoarthritis Research Society International set of responder criteria for osteoarthritis clinical trials revisited","volume":"12","author":"Pham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-5-39","article-title":"Predicting long-term response to strong opioids in patients with low back pain: findings from a randomized, controlled trial of transdermal fentanyl and morphine","volume":"5","author":"Kalso","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance 4 Health Qual. Life Outcomes2006 Oct 11, 79.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-79"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100780","article-title":"Cognitive functional therapy compared with a group-based exercise and education intervention for chronic low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT)","volume":"54","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S106345842501283X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S106345842501283X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:13:36Z","timestamp":1777882416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S106345842501283X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S106345842501283X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Why most responder analyses are misleading","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2025.12.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}