{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:01:19Z","timestamp":1790308879744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:41:49Z","timestamp":1789054909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fundamentals of Osteoarthritis 2026: Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank W.","family":"Roemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9374-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Guermazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadpour","family":"Demehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2297-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2014-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2781-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Kijowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00594-6","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review","volume":"325","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2025.2512940","article-title":"Synovial joint organ homeostasis: mechanisms and biological considerations","volume":"66","author":"Blackler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2025.2550639","article-title":"Diagnosing, treating and monitoring the inflammatory endotype in osteoarthritis clinical trials","volume":"25","author":"Thudium","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.010","article-title":"Are biomechanics during gait associated with the structural disease onset and progression of lower limb osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"D'Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib6","article-title":"How AI may transform musculoskeletal imaging","volume":"310","author":"Guermazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192498","article-title":"State of the art: imaging of osteoarthritis-revisited 2020","volume":"296","author":"Roemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-026-01353-x","article-title":"Advances in cartilage imaging techniques","volume":"22","author":"Guermazi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.04.018","article-title":"Imaging in osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Roemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42368","article-title":"Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of radiography for the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition: performance of the novel definitions developed by an international multidisciplinary working group","volume":"75","author":"Sirotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"A","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.11.009","article-title":"Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised","volume":"15","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.079020","article-title":"Differences in descriptions of Kellgren and Lawrence grades of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Schiphof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.147520","article-title":"Impact of different descriptions of the Kellgren and Lawrence classification criteria on the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"70","author":"Schiphof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2312-6","article-title":"Fixed-flexion radiography of the knee provides reproducible joint space width measurements in osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Kothari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib16","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Osteoarthritis: Structural Endpoints for the Development of Drugs, Devices, and Biological Products for Treatment Guidance for Industry. 07\/18\/2018. URL: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/71132\/download accessed 04\/04\/2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.012","article-title":"OARSI clinical trials recommendations: knee imaging in clinical trials in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Hunter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21296","article-title":"The relationship between cartilage loss on magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic progression in men and women with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"52","author":"Amin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.07.008","article-title":"Progression of cartilage damage and meniscal pathology over 30 months is associated with an increase in radiographic tibiofemoral joint space narrowing in persons with knee OA--the MOST study","volume":"22","author":"Crema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.233341","article-title":"Interobserver agreement and performance of concurrent AI assistance for radiographic evaluation of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"312","author":"Brejnebol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56527-3","article-title":"Multimodal machine learning-based knee osteoarthritis progression prediction from plain radiographs and clinical data","volume":"9","author":"Tiulpin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.09.011","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in osteoarthritis detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.01.078","article-title":"Performance of an artificial intelligence-based software for automated Kellgren-Lawrence grading of knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter cohort study","author":"Choi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10928-9","article-title":"The value of deep learning-based X-ray techniques in detecting and classifying K-L grades of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.003","article-title":"Whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Peterfy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0828-0","article-title":"MRI assessment of knee osteoarthritis: Knee Osteoarthritis Scoring System (KOSS)--inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility of a compartment-based scoring system","volume":"34","author":"Kornaat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066183","article-title":"The reliability of a new scoring system for knee osteoarthritis MRI and the validity of bone marrow lesion assessment: BLOKS (Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score)","volume":"67","author":"Hunter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.05.004","article-title":"Evolution of semi-quantitative whole joint assessment of knee OA: MOAKS (MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score)","volume":"19","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.139618","article-title":"Assessment of synovitis with contrast-enhanced MRI using a whole-joint semiquantitative scoring system in people with, or at high risk of, knee osteoarthritis: the MOST study","volume":"70","author":"Guermazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei094","article-title":"The validation of simple scoring methods for evaluating compartment-specific synovitis detected by MRI in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Rhodes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02436-8","article-title":"Detection of knee synovitis using non-contrast-enhanced qDESS compared with contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"23","author":"de Vries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08025-2","article-title":"Non-contrast MRI of synovitis in the knee using quantitative DESS","volume":"31","author":"Thoenen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160155","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequence with fat suppression for assessment of peripatellar synovitis: preliminary results and comparison with contrast-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"283","author":"Yoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001065","article-title":"Inflammatory knee synovitis: evaluation of an accelerated FLAIR sequence compared with standard contrast-enhanced imaging","volume":"59","author":"Feuerriegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28870","article-title":"Applications of diffusion-weighted MRI to the musculoskeletal system","volume":"59","author":"Raya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4614","article-title":"Gadolinium-free assessment of synovitis using diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"35","author":"Sandford","year":"2022","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.10.029","article-title":"Systematic review of the concurrent and predictive validity of MRI biomarkers in OA","volume":"19","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1128-2","article-title":"Structural effects of sprifermin in knee osteoarthritis: a post-hoc analysis on cartilage and non-cartilaginous tissue alterations in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Roemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39731","article-title":"Semiquantitative imaging biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression: data from the foundation for the National Institutes of Health osteoarthritis biomarkers consortium","volume":"68","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.07.012","article-title":"Predictive validity of within-grade scoring of longitudinal changes of MRI-based cartilage morphology and bone marrow lesion assessment in the tibio-femoral joint--the MOST study","volume":"20","author":"Roemer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035221147677","article-title":"Worsening of articular tissue damage as defined by semi-quantitative MRI Is associated with concurrent quantitative cartilage loss over 24 months","volume":"14","author":"Roemer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2025.100272","article-title":"Capturing deep partial-thickness cartilage loss with semiquantitative scoring: a supplemented MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (sMOAKS)","volume":"5","author":"Altahawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib43","first-page":"2306","article-title":"Detecting radiological changes in rheumatoid arthritis that are considered important by clinical experts: influence of reading with or without known sequence","volume":"29","author":"Bruynesteyn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111124","article-title":"Blinded reading of radiographs increases the frequency of errors in vertebral fracture detection","volume":"11","author":"Ross","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.09.008","article-title":"Blinding images to sequence in osteoarthritis: evidence from other diseases","volume":"17","author":"Felson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.08.009","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis phenotypes and their relevance for outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Deveza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2143-0","article-title":"A consensus-based framework for conducting and reporting osteoarthritis phenotype research","volume":"22","author":"van Spil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33344","article-title":"Prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging-defined atrophic and hypertrophic phenotypes of knee osteoarthritis in a population-based cohort","volume":"64","author":"Roemer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.08.005","article-title":"MRI-based screening for structural definition of eligibility in clinical DMOAD trials: Rapid OsteoArthritis MRI Eligibility Score (ROAMES)","volume":"28","author":"Roemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2022.100284","article-title":"Patterns of progression differ between Kellgren-Lawrence 2 and 3 knees fulfilling different definitions of a cartilage-meniscus phenotype in the Foundation for National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers study (FNIH)","volume":"4","author":"Roemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2025.100273","article-title":"Analytic challenges in defining structural phenotypes in OA clinical trials: a perspective","volume":"5","author":"Chin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.02.002","article-title":"30 Years of MRI-based cartilage & bone morphometry in knee osteoarthritis: from correlation to clinical trials","volume":"32","author":"Eckstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.03.005","article-title":"Proposal for a nomenclature for magnetic resonance imaging based measures of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Eckstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.907323","article-title":"A technique for regional analysis of femorotibial cartilage thickness based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"27","author":"Wirth","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.08.005","article-title":"Automated MRI assessment confirms cartilage thickness modification in patients with knee osteoarthritis: post-hoc analysis from a phase II sprifermin study","volume":"28","author":"Brett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib56","article-title":"The International Workshop on Osteoarthritis Imaging Knee MRI segmentation challenge: a multi-institute evaluation and analysis framework on a standardized dataset","volume":"3","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100645","article-title":"A fully-automated technique for cartilage morphometry in knees with severe radiographic osteoarthritis - method development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Wirth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2023.100087","article-title":"Towards automatic cartilage quantification in clinical trials - continuing from the 2019 IWOAI knee segmentation challenge","volume":"3","author":"Dam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100657","article-title":"Comparison between coronal FLASH and sagittal double echo steady state MRI in detecting longitudinal cartilage thickness change by fully automated segmentation - data from the FNIH biomarker cohort","volume":"7","author":"Eckstein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25078","article-title":"Selection of knees with subsequent cartilage thickness loss based on magnetic resonance imaging semiquantitative grading: data from the osteoarthritis initiative foundation for the National Institutes of health biomarker cohort","volume":"75","author":"Wirth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035241287694","article-title":"Fluctuation of bone marrow lesions and inflammatory MRI markers over 2 years and concurrent associations with quantitative cartilage loss","volume":"16","author":"Roemer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20370","article-title":"Rates of change and sensitivity to change in cartilage morphology in healthy knees and in knees with mild, moderate, and end-stage radiographic osteoarthritis: results from 831 participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"63","author":"Eckstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2021.100188","article-title":"A simple inclusion criteria combination increases the rate of cartilage loss in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"3","author":"Imbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24557","article-title":"Multivariable modeling of biomarker data from the phase I foundation for the National Institutes of Health osteoarthritis biomarkers consortium","volume":"74","author":"Hunter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.70085","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression","volume":"7","author":"Collins","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACR Open. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.016","article-title":"Location-independent analysis of structural progression of osteoarthritis-Taking it all apart, and putting the puzzle back together makes the difference","volume":"46","author":"Eckstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216453","article-title":"Intra-articular sprifermin reduces cartilage loss in addition to increasing cartilage gain independent of location in the femorotibial joint: post-hoc analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"Eckstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14735","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular sprifermin vs placebo on femorotibial joint cartilage thickness in patients with osteoarthritis: the FORWARD randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Hochberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219181","article-title":"Long-term structural and symptomatic effects of intra-articular sprifermin in patients with knee osteoarthritis: 5-year results from the FORWARD study","volume":"80","author":"Eckstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.03.005","article-title":"The effects of sprifermin on symptoms and structure in a subgroup at risk of progression in the FORWARD knee osteoarthritis trial","volume":"51","author":"Guehring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0675","article-title":"Disease-modifying effects of a novel cathepsin K inhibitor in osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Conaghan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab456","article-title":"Knee joint distraction results in MRI cartilage thickness increase up to 10 years after treatment","volume":"61","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol. (Oxf. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-25-00920","article-title":"High tibial osteotomy for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: a randomized trial with parallel preference arm","volume":"178","author":"Birmingham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.08.001","article-title":"A virtual knee replacement (vKR) multi-component endpoint for knee osteoarthritis based on patient-reported PROs: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"33","author":"Kwoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100658","article-title":"Cartilage loss is greater in knees with virtual joint replacement status than in matched controls without","volume":"7","author":"Eckstein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.04.016","article-title":"Trajectory of cartilage loss within 4 years of knee replacement--a nested case-control study from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"22","author":"Eckstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.2.1830343","article-title":"Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: relaxation times and image contrast","volume":"183","author":"Gold","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503080822","article-title":"Comparison of 1.5- and 3.0-T MR imaging for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint","volume":"250","author":"Kijowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.08.002","article-title":"3.0 vs 1.5 T MRI in the detection of focal cartilage pathology--ROC analysis in an experimental model","volume":"14","author":"Link","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2704-8","article-title":"Comparison of 1.5- and 3-T MR imaging for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee","volume":"22","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181b4c055","article-title":"Imaging of the musculoskeletal system in vivo using ultra-high field magnetic resonance at 7 T","volume":"44","author":"Krug","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23506","article-title":"Comparison of a 28-channel receive array coil and quadrature volume coil for morphologic imaging and T2 mapping of knee cartilage at 7T","volume":"35","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24748","article-title":"Rapid estimation of cartilage T2 with reduced T1 sensitivity using double echo steady state imaging","volume":"71","author":"Heule","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25883","article-title":"Five-minute knee MRI for simultaneous morphometry and T(2) relaxometry of cartilage and meniscus and for semiquantitative radiological assessment using double-echo in steady-state at 3T","volume":"47","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.06.016","article-title":"The osteoarthritis initiative: report on the design rationale for the magnetic resonance imaging protocol for the knee","volume":"16","author":"Peterfy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2024.100505","article-title":"The design of a sample rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition protocol supporting assessment of multiple articular tissues and pathologies in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"6","author":"Eckstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-023-04343-2","article-title":"Morphological assessment of cartilage and osteoarthritis in clinical practice and research: intermediate-weighted fat-suppressed sequences and beyond","volume":"52","author":"Omoumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180426","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of three-dimensional MRI for depicting cartilage defects in the knee: a meta-analysis","volume":"289","author":"Shakoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"A","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.029","article-title":"MRI protocols for whole-organ assessment of the knee in osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Peterfy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24137","article-title":"T(2) relaxation time measurements are limited in monitoring progression, once advanced cartilage defects at the knee occur: longitudinal data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"38","author":"Jungmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.016","article-title":"The relation between the biochemical composition of knee articular cartilage and quantitative MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Emanuel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib92","article-title":"Quantitative MRI for evaluation of musculoskeletal disease: cartilage and muscle composition, joint inflammation, and biomechanics in osteoarthritis","author":"Eck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.09.011","article-title":"T(1)rho and T(2) relaxation times predict progression of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Prasad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204157","article-title":"Early T2 changes predict onset of radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"74","author":"Liebl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24811","article-title":"T2 analysis of the entire osteoarthritis initiative dataset","volume":"39","author":"Razmjoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.01.984","article-title":"Progression of cartilage degeneration and clinical symptoms in obese and overweight individuals is dependent on the amount of weight loss: 48-month data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"24","author":"Gersing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-024-04786-1","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated laminar cartilage T2 relaxation time analysis method in an early osteoarthritis model","volume":"54","author":"Wirth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-025-01227-5","article-title":"Clinical validation of fully automated cartilage transverse relaxation time (T2) and thickness analysis using quantitative DESS magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"38","author":"Wirth","year":"2025","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.03.011","article-title":"T2* mapping of hip joint cartilage in various histological grades of degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Bittersohl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603517741168","article-title":"T2*-mapping of acetabular cartilage in patients with femoroacetabular impingement at 3 Tesla: comparative analysis with arthroscopic findings","volume":"9","author":"Hesper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-024-04734-z","article-title":"Cartilage compositional MRI-a narrative review of technical development and clinical applications over the past three decades","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.05.026","article-title":"Compositional MRI techniques for evaluation of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Guermazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.018","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the reliability and discriminative validity of cartilage compositional MRI in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"26","author":"MacKay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24313","article-title":"Quantitative MRI of articular cartilage and its clinical applications","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2010.09.004","article-title":"Quantitative MRI using T1rho and T2 in human osteoarthritic cartilage specimens: correlation with biochemical measurements and histology","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.017","article-title":"Reproducibility of T(1rho) and T(2) quantification in a multi-vendor multi-site study","volume":"31","author":"Lartey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e604","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150701-59","article-title":"T1rho magnetic resonance imaging at 3T detects knee cartilage changes after viscosupplementation","volume":"38","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1406-7","article-title":"Multi-compositional MRI evaluation of repair cartilage in knee osteoarthritis with treatment of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25473","article-title":"Baseline cartilage T1rho and T2 predicted patellofemoral joint cartilage lesion progression and patient-reported outcomes after ACL reconstruction","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib110","article-title":"Knee MRI biomarkers associated with structural, functional and symptomatic changes at least a year from ACL injury - a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.01.013","article-title":"M. Magic angle effect plays a major role in both T1rho and T2 relaxation in articular cartilage","volume":"25","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.220029","article-title":"Zero echo time musculoskeletal MRI: technique, optimization, applications, and pitfalls","volume":"42","author":"Aydingoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5253","article-title":"Quantitative ultrashort echo time MR imaging of knee osteochondral junction: An ex vivo feasibility study","volume":"37","author":"Athertya","year":"2024","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232363","article-title":"Osteochondral abnormalities on three-dimensional ultrashort echo time MRI scans are associated with knee cartilage degradation","volume":"313","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80775-1","article-title":"MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging","volume":"66","author":"Basser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24767","article-title":"Techniques and applications of in vivo diffusion imaging of articular cartilage","volume":"41","author":"Raya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20469","article-title":"High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging of human patellar cartilage: feasibility and preliminary findings","volume":"53","author":"Filidoro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26336","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of articular cartilage at 3T correlates with histology and biomechanics in a mechanical injury model","volume":"78","author":"Ferizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3155-4","article-title":"Feasibility of in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of articular cartilage with coverage of all cartilage regions","volume":"24","author":"Raya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.06.004","article-title":"Spatial variations in magnetic resonance-based diffusion of articular cartilage in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"33","author":"Guha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910360504","article-title":"Gd-DTPA2- as a measure of cartilage degradation","volume":"36","author":"Bashir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200101)45:1<36::AID-MRM1006>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Protocol issues for delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) for clinical evaluation of articular cartilage","volume":"45","author":"Burstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2616-x","article-title":"Reproducibility of 3D delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) of the knee at 3.0 T in patients with early stage osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"van Tiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26200","article-title":"Volumetric multislice gagCEST imaging of articular cartilage: optimization and comparison with T1rho","volume":"77","author":"Kogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.04.012","article-title":"gagCEST imaging at 3 T MRI in patients with articular cartilage lesions of the knee and intraoperative validation","volume":"29","author":"Soellner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29930","article-title":"Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo (23) Na MRI study at 10.5 T","volume":"91","author":"Zbyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073067","article-title":"T1-weighted sodium MRI of the articulator cartilage in osteoarthritis: a cross sectional and longitudinal study","volume":"8","author":"Newbould","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100279","article-title":"Na-23 MR Imaging at 7 T after knee matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation: preliminary results","volume":"257","author":"Trattnig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib129","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantitative cartilage T2 and T1rho mapping: is there a clinical role? From the AJR special series on quantitative imaging","author":"Mosher","year":"2025","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29411","article-title":"SuperMAP: Deep ultrafast MR relaxometry with joint spatiotemporal undersampling","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.07.005","article-title":"Multi-vendor multi-site T1rho and T2 quantification of knee cartilage","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204587","article-title":"The QIBA Profile for MRI-based compositional imaging of knee cartilage","volume":"301","author":"Chalian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-023-04310-x","article-title":"MRI-based T(1rho) and T(2) cartilage compositional imaging in osteoarthritis: what have we learned and what is needed to apply it clinically and in a trial setting?","volume":"52","author":"Link","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099564","article-title":"Clinical and ultrasonographic predictors of joint replacement for knee osteoarthritis: results from a large, 3-year, prospective EULAR study","volume":"69","author":"Conaghan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.102434","article-title":"A systematic review of ultrasonography in osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Keen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.03.004","article-title":"Synovial changes detected by ultrasound in people with knee osteoarthritis - a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"24","author":"Sarmanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000436","article-title":"Role of ultrasonography in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Oo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0433","article-title":"Guidance by ultrasound of intra-articular injections in the knee and hip joints","volume":"9","author":"Qvistgaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib139","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic performance of semi-quantitative knee ultrasound and knee radiography with MRI: oulu knee osteoarthritis study","volume":"6","author":"Podlipska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib140","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sonographic assessment of soft tissue alterations in osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"21","author":"Monteforte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Tissue React."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9978819","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of the normal femoral articular cartilage of the knee joint: comparison with 3D MRI","volume":"2021","author":"Kauppinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35824-3","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the late-stage knee osteoarthritis prior to total knee arthroplasty: comparison of the ultrasonographic, radiographic and intra-operative findings","volume":"8","author":"Nevalainen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245386","article-title":"Articular cartilage thickness measured with US is not as easy as it appears: a systematic review of measurement techniques and image interpretation","volume":"32","author":"Torp-Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07827-4","article-title":"Quantitative ultrasound classification of healthy and chemically degraded ex-vivo cartilage","volume":"15","author":"Sorriento","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.021","article-title":"Pre-operative femoral cartilage ultrasound characteristics are altered in people who report symptoms at 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"47","author":"Harkey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.03.003","article-title":"Validity of ultrasound in knee osteoarthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Siddiq","year":"2026","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04217-z","article-title":"CT in osteoarthritis: its clinical role and recent advances","volume":"52","author":"Fukuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-024-04622-6","article-title":"Chances and challenges of photon-counting CT in musculoskeletal imaging","volume":"53","author":"Mourad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2022.100083","article-title":"WBCT and its evolving role in OA research and clinical practice","volume":"2","author":"Segal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07236-3","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT for the detection of bone marrow edema in the appendicular skeleton: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.05.007","article-title":"Dual-energy computed tomography in calcium pyrophosphate deposition: initial clinical experience","volume":"27","author":"Pascart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.08.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis of dual-energy computed tomography virtual non-calcium imaging to detect bone marrow edema","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab125","article-title":"Multi-energy photon-counting computed tomography versus other clinical imaging techniques for the identification of articular calcium crystal deposition","volume":"60","author":"Bernabei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2024.100177","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the knee joint from weight bearing computed tomography","volume":"4","author":"Turmezei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140295","article-title":"Imaging characteristics of contralateral asymptomatic patellofemoral joints in patients with unilateral instability","volume":"273","author":"Demehri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519895246","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of the visual assessment of patellar tracking","volume":"48","author":"Best","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000917","article-title":"Synthetic contrasts in musculoskeletal MRI: a review","volume":"58","author":"Hilbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010160","article-title":"Three-dimensional quantification of bone mineral density in the distal femur and proximal tibia based on computed tomography: in vitro evaluation of an extended standardization method","volume":"10","author":"Babel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06187-2","article-title":"Comparison of 3D quantitative osteoarthritis imaging biomarkers from paired CT and MR images: data from the IMI-APPROACH study","volume":"24","author":"Brett","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.09.008","article-title":"Proximal tibial osteophyte volumes are correlated spatially and with knee alignment: a quantitative analysis suggesting the influence of biochemical and mechanical factors in the development of osteophytes","volume":"29","author":"Omoumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zemedi.2022.04.001","article-title":"Dose-efficient assessment of trabecular microstructure using ultra-high-resolution photon-counting CT","volume":"32","author":"Pena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z. Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2024.100251","article-title":"Standardized maps \u2013 an emerging approach to leverage quantitative information in knee imaging","volume":"4","author":"Margain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib163","article-title":"Imaging of cartilage, meniscus, and beyond: role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)","volume":"5","author":"Omoumi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteorthritis Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2333031921","article-title":"Cartilage thickness in cadaveric ankles: measurement with double-contrast multi-detector row CT arthrography versus MR imaging","volume":"233","author":"El-Khoury","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3469-2","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of CT-arthrography and 1.5T MR-arthrography for the assessment of glenohumeral joint cartilage: a comparative study with arthroscopic correlation","volume":"25","author":"Omoumi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2283020590","article-title":"Postoperative meniscus: assessment at dual-detector row spiral CT arthrography of the knee","volume":"228","author":"Mutschler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-04956-9","article-title":"Diagnostic value of MRI for detection of knee cartilage lesions vs. weight-bearing CT arthrography (WBCTa)","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2025.100382","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of weight-bearing cone beam CT arthrography and supine 3T MRI in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"5","author":"Kemppainen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.05.025","article-title":"Clinical value of (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.03.009","article-title":"Maximum standardised uptake value of quantitative bone SPECT\/CT in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015141714","article-title":"Do chondral lesions of the knee correlate with bone tracer uptake by using SPECT\/CT?","volume":"278","author":"Dordevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.12.010","article-title":"Positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG in osteoarthritic knee","volume":"15","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib173","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Assessment of porcine bone metabolism by dynamic [18F]-fluoride ion PET: correlation with bone histomorphometry","volume":"42","author":"Piert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25529","article-title":"PET\/MRI of metabolic activity in osteoarthritis: a feasibility study","volume":"45","author":"Kogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1536012116683597","article-title":"Imaging Bone-Cartilage Interactions in Osteoarthritis Using [(18)F]-NaF PET-MRI","volume":"15","author":"Savic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.02.563","article-title":"Assessment of quantitative [(18)F]Sodium fluoride PET measures of knee subchondral bone perfusion and mineralization in osteoarthritic and healthy subjects","volume":"29","author":"Watkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.04.001","article-title":"Quantitative imaging of bone-cartilage interactions in ACL-injured patients with PET-MRI","volume":"26","author":"Kogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.09.001","article-title":"The relationships between patellofemoral bone remodeling, cartilage composition, and vertical loading rate: PET\/MRI in isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04424-2","article-title":"Assessment of acute bone loading in humans using [(18)F]NaF PET\/MRI","volume":"46","author":"Haddock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.08.004","article-title":"[(18)F]Sodium fluoride PET-MRI detects increased metabolic bone response to whole-joint loading stress in osteoarthritic knees","volume":"30","author":"Watkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222021","article-title":"Synovial fibroblasts as potential drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis, where do we stand and where shall we go?","volume":"81","author":"Nemeth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01774-4","article-title":"CD200(+) fibroblasts form a pro-resolving mesenchymal network in arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Rauber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.11.012","article-title":"Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!)","volume":"21","author":"Berenbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-025-07636-x","article-title":"68)Gallium-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor uptake in joints: a single-center cohort analysis of 268 patients","volume":"53","author":"Spektor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4736","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11423-5","article-title":"The scientific evidence of commercial AI products for MRI acceleration: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Fransen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-020-00889-7","article-title":"Accuracy and longitudinal reproducibility of quantitative femorotibial cartilage measures derived from automated U-Net-based segmentation of two different MRI contrasts: data from the osteoarthritis initiative healthy reference cohort","volume":"34","author":"Wirth","year":"2021","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1337993","article-title":"Automated measurement and grading of knee cartilage thickness: a deep learning-based approach","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib188","article-title":"Fully automatic knee joint segmentation and quantitative analysis for osteoarthritis from magnetic resonance (MR) images using a deep learning model","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit. Int. Med. J. Exp. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib189","article-title":"A automating imaging biomarker analysis for knee osteoarthritis using an open-source MRI-based deep learning pipeline","author":"Goyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04680-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the consistency of the MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model using the natural tibial plateau cartilage","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib191","article-title":"A survey on domain generalization for medical image analysis","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:240205035"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102508","article-title":"Automatic grading assessments for knee MRI cartilage defects via self-ensembling semi-supervised learning with dual-consistency","volume":"80","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458426010435?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458426010435?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:58:09Z","timestamp":1790308689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458426010435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":192,"alternative-id":["S1063458426010435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fundamentals of Osteoarthritis 2026: Imaging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}