{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:49:51Z","timestamp":1791409791662,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","oarsijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:48:21Z","timestamp":1790725701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the C-score from weight-bearing CT as a quantitative imaging biomarker for worsening knee osteoarthritis structure and pain in the multicenter osteoarthritis study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Tolstykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Nevitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.D.","family":"Turmezei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2024.100178","article-title":"3-dimensional bone shape and knee osteoarthritis: what have we learned?","volume":"4","author":"Brett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4732-4","article-title":"Classifications in Brief: Kellgren-Lawrence Classification of Osteoarthritis","volume":"474","author":"Kohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38086","article-title":"Motion for debate: osteoarthritis clinical trials have not identified efficacious therapies because traditional imaging outcome measures are inadequate","volume":"65","author":"Guermazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217160","article-title":"Machine-learning, MRI bone shape and important clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"80","author":"Bowes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06187-2","article-title":"Comparison of 3D quantitative osteoarthritis imaging biomarkers from paired CT and MR images: data from the IMI-APPROACH study","volume":"24","author":"Brett","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28067","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for three-dimensional bone imaging of musculoskeletal pathologies: a review","volume":"56","author":"Florkow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.12.002","article-title":"Improved responsiveness to change in joint space width over 24-month follow-up: comparison of 3D JSW on weight-bearing CT vs 2D JSW on radiographs in the MOST study","volume":"31","author":"Segal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2022.100069","article-title":"Multiparametric 3-D analysis of bone and joint space width at the knee from weight bearing computed tomography","volume":"2","author":"Turmezei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05190-3","article-title":"Increase in tibial internal rotation due to weight-bearing is a key feature to diagnose early-stage knee osteoarthritis: a study with upright computed tomography","volume":"23","author":"Kaneda","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.07.011","article-title":"Clinical value of weight-bearing CT and radiographs for detecting patellofemoral cartilage visualized by MRI in the MOST study","volume":"29","author":"Segal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib11","unstructured":"N.A. Segal, B.M. Everist, K.D. Brown, J. He, J.A. Lynch, M.C. Nevitt, Agreement Between Cartilage Morphology on MRI and Weight-Bearing CT and Radiographs Respectively for Visualizing Patellofemoral OA Features in the MOST Study, European Congress of Radiology, Vienna, Austria, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.02.846","article-title":"Detection of meniscal extrusion: comparison of standing computed tomography to non-loaded magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"26","author":"Segal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2015.1074854","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of 3D standing CT imaging for detection of knee osteoarthritis features","volume":"43","author":"Segal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physician Sportsmed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib14","unstructured":"NIH, Consideration of sex as a biological variable in NIH-funded research, National Institutes of Health Notice Number: NOT-OD-15\u2013102, 2015."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.04.002","article-title":"Sex differences in osteoarthritis prevalence, pain perception, physical function and therapeutics","volume":"32","author":"Segal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.04.014","article-title":"The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study: opportunities for rehabilitation research","volume":"5","author":"Segal","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM R."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.09.006","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis bone shape from computed tomography is associated with subchondral bone attenuation and marginal cortical bone thickness: a cross-sectional study","volume":"33","author":"Nielsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)45:4<384::AID-ART352>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"45","author":"Angst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105325","article-title":"Association of isometric quadriceps strength with stride and knee kinematics during gait in community dwelling adults with normal knee or early radiographic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"84","author":"Nishino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2251-z","article-title":"Bone shape mediates the relationship between sex and incident knee osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Wise","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1311587","article-title":"Sex differences in quadriceps strength in OA","volume":"33","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.02.002","article-title":"Quadriceps weakness predicts risk for knee joint space narrowing in women in the MOST cohort","volume":"18","author":"Segal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07191-w","article-title":"Regional disparities, age-related changes and sex-related differences in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2024.100250","article-title":"3D bone shape from CT-scans provides an objective measure of osteoarthritis severity: Data from the IMI-APPROACH study","volume":"4","author":"Burlison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201575","article-title":"Progression of osteoarthritis as a state of inertia","volume":"72","author":"Felson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2022.100083","article-title":"WBCT and its evolving role in OA research and clinical practice","volume":"2","author":"Segal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib28","first-page":"1","article-title":"G. Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, The Relationship of Three-Dimensional Joint Space Width on Weight Bearing CT With Pain and Physical Function","author":"Kothari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-04956-9","article-title":"Diagnostic value of MRI for detection of knee cartilage lesions vs. weight-bearing CT arthrography (WBCTa)","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2019.1577828","article-title":"Cascaded statistical shape model based segmentation of the full lower limb in CT","volume":"22","author":"Audenaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.05.003","article-title":"Validity and sensitivity to change of three scales for the radiographic assessment of knee osteoarthritis using images from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST)","volume":"23","author":"Sheehy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30414","article-title":"Initiative Investigators, Greater rates of cartilage loss in painful knees than in pain-free knees after adjustment for radiographic disease stage: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"63","author":"Eckstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"A","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.026","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of articular cartilage in knee osteoarthritis (OA): morphological assessment","volume":"14","author":"Eckstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1751-4","article-title":"Knee pain as a predictor of structural progression over 4 years: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458426010551?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1063458426010551?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:58:23Z","timestamp":1791406703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458426010551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S1063458426010551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-4584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-4584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating the C-score from weight-bearing CT as a quantitative imaging biomarker for worsening knee osteoarthritis structure and pain in the multicenter osteoarthritis study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2026.09.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}