{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:33:25Z","timestamp":1792510405948,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":376,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Densitometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T17:52:14Z","timestamp":1541008334000},"page":"185-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Progressive Sublesional Bone Loss Extends into the Second Decade After Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Cirnigliaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Jane","family":"Myslinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Asselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Hobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"La Fountaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Kirshblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail F.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0252-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor","family":"Dyson-Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Spungen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-012-0117-0","article-title":"Spinal cord injury-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and emerging therapies","volume":"10","author":"Battaglino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporosis Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(89)90052-5","article-title":"Osteopenia in the immobilized rat hind limb is associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation","volume":"10","author":"Weinreb","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0003","first-page":"139","article-title":"Mineral metabolism in spinal cord injury","volume":"61","author":"Naftchi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0004","first-page":"188","article-title":"Osteoporosis in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Bauman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Inj Func Rehab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555744","article-title":"Bone remodeling during the development of osteoporosis in paraplegia","volume":"38","author":"Chantraine","year":"1986","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0006","first-page":"415","article-title":"Longitudinal study of bone turnover after acute spinal cord injury","volume":"83","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrin and Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.07.257","article-title":"Peripheral quantitative computed tomography: measurement sensitivity in persons with and without spinal cord injury","volume":"87","author":"Shields","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0008","first-page":"293","article-title":"Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and lower extremities years after spinal cord lesion","volume":"26","author":"Biering-Sorensen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2419-1","article-title":"Exploring the determinants of fracture risk among individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Lala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000156","article-title":"A retrospective review of lower extremity fracture care in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"38","author":"Akhigbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513501905","article-title":"Incidence of skeletal fractures after traumatic spinal cord injury: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"28","author":"Gifre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0012","first-page":"133","article-title":"Lower limb fractures in the chronic spinal cord injured patient","volume":"27","author":"Ingram","year":"1989","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0013","first-page":"418","article-title":"Lower extremity fractures after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study","volume":"62","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3798-x","article-title":"Bone loss at the distal femur and proximal tibia in persons with spinal cord injury: imaging approaches, risk of fracture, and potential treatment options","volume":"28","author":"Cirnigliaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101685","article-title":"Long-term changes in the tibia and radius bone mineral density following spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"de Bruin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2017.02.002","article-title":"Measuring marrow density and area using peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the tibia: precision in young and older adults and individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Gibbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.170","article-title":"Precision of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the knee and heel: methodology and implications for research to reduce bone mineral loss after spinal cord injury","volume":"55","author":"Peppler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2013.08.010","article-title":"A reliable method for measuring proximal tibia and distal femur bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"36","author":"Bakkum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2020","article-title":"Adiponectin is a candidate biomarker of lower extremity bone density in men with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"29","author":"Doherty","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.12.004","article-title":"Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the distal femur may be more reliable than the proximal tibia in spinal cord injury","volume":"90","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2012.02.015","article-title":"Measurement of bone density around the Oxford medial compartment knee replacement using iDXA. A precision study","volume":"16","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199801000-00005","article-title":"Bone mineral density and indexes of bone metabolism in spinal cord injury","volume":"77","author":"Szollar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.01.001","article-title":"Relationship between the duration of paralysis and bone structure: a pQCT study of spinal cord injured individuals","volume":"34","author":"Eser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2474","article-title":"Reduction in torsional stiffness and strength at the proximal tibia as a function of time since spinal cord injury","volume":"30","author":"Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1529-6","article-title":"Long-term changes in bone metabolism, bone mineral density, quantitative ultrasound parameters, and fracture incidence after spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional observational study in 100 paraplegic men","volume":"15","author":"Zehnder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.0301208","article-title":"Trabecular bone microarchitecture is deteriorated in men with spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Modlesky","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050206","article-title":"Continuous loss of bone during chronic immobilization: a monozygotic twin study","volume":"10","author":"Bauman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1180831","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury: impact of the revised worksheet (revision 02\/13) on classification performance","volume":"39","author":"Schuld","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.06.001","article-title":"Bone mineral density after spinal cord injury: a reliable method for knee measurement","volume":"86","author":"Shields","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.08.001","article-title":"International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference: task force on normative databases","volume":"16","author":"Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2227","article-title":"Reduction in proximal femoral strength in patients with acute spinal cord injury","volume":"29","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0674-1","article-title":"Role of peripheral quantitative computed tomography in identifying disuse osteoporosis in paraplegia","volume":"38","author":"Coupaud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01865.x","article-title":"Longitudinal study of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, the forearm and the lower extremities after spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Biering-Sorensen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2004.11753749","article-title":"Bone loss at the os calcis compared with bone loss at the knee in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Garland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1310\/G6TD-HPGC-XM3Q-7YJH","article-title":"Fracture threshold and risk for osteoporosis and pathologic fractures in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"Garland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2017.05.006","article-title":"Assessment of bone mineral density at the distal femur and the proximal tibia by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in individuals with spinal cord injury: precision of protocol and relation to injury duration","volume":"21","author":"Lobos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.09.006","article-title":"Fracture threshold in the femur and tibia of people with spinal cord injury as determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography","volume":"86","author":"Eser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3841-y","article-title":"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fracture prediction in patients with spinal cord injuries and disorders","volume":"28","author":"Abderhalden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2017.71.25-28","article-title":"Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"71","author":"Bijelic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Arch"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Densitometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094695018301781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094695018301781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T21:41:46Z","timestamp":1761082906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094695018301781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094695018301781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-6950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-6950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progressive Sublesional Bone Loss Extends into the Second Decade After Spinal Cord Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Densitometry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The International Society for Clinical Densitometry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}