{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T23:44:59Z","timestamp":1774482299552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Densitometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T22:44:06Z","timestamp":1557441846000},"page":"223-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Pharmacologic Management of Osteoporosis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Danford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghideon","family":"Ezaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirsh D.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliot B.","family":"Tapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Bonder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.11.035","article-title":"Severity of cholestasis and advanced histological stage but not menopausal status are the major risk factors for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Gua\u00f1abens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.02.016","article-title":"Low bone mass and severity of cholestasis affect fracture risk in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"138","author":"Gua\u00f1abens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20874","article-title":"Bone mineral density before and after OLT: long-term follow-up and predictive factors","volume":"12","author":"Guichelaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0004","first-page":"1356","article-title":"Factors influencing the development of metabolic bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"85","author":"Gua\u00f1abens","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80118-X","article-title":"Etidronate for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized trial","volume":"33","author":"Lindor","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90066-X","article-title":"Sodium fluoride prevents bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Guanabens","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80132-0","article-title":"Cyclosporin A increases the biochemical markers of bone remodeling in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"Guanabens","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-8015-x","article-title":"Osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized trial of the efficacy and feasibility of estrogen\/progestin","volume":"51","author":"Boone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2004.05.004","article-title":"Operative risk of total hip and knee arthroplasty in cirrhotic patients","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22906","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i31.3513","article-title":"Osteoporosis in primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"24","author":"Danford","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0012","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80048-7","article-title":"Cyclical etidronate in the prevention of bone loss in corticosteroid-treated primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"26","author":"Wolfhagen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20866","article-title":"Alendronate improves bone mineral density in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Zein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01342.x","article-title":"An open, randomized, controlled study of transdermal hormone replacement therapy on the rate of bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"256","author":"Ormarsdottir","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0017","first-page":"389","article-title":"Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: does ursodeoxycholic acid make a difference?","volume":"21","author":"Lindor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509840","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of obeticholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"375","author":"Nevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00133-7","article-title":"Randomized pilot trial of vitamin K2 for bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Nishiguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050250","article-title":"Calcitriol for bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Shiomi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510023279","article-title":"Effects of alendronate on bone mass in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and osteoporosis: preliminary results after one year","volume":"40","author":"Musialik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.02.005","article-title":"A 4-year treatment with clodronate plus calcium and vitamin D supplements does not improve bone mass in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Floreani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01890.x","article-title":"Transdermal hormone replacement therapy improves vertebral bone density in primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a 1-year controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Pereira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00034.x","article-title":"Estrogen-progestogen therapy for low bone mineral density in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"19","author":"Olsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199706000-00012","article-title":"A 3-year pilot study with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin for severe osteodystrophy in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"24","author":"Floreani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(94)90098-1","article-title":"Parenteral calcitonin for metabolic bone disease associated with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Camisasca","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70098-2","article-title":"Etidronate versus fluoride for treatment of osteopenia in primary biliary cirrhosis: preliminary results after 2 years","volume":"113","author":"Guanabens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07639.x","article-title":"Alendronate is more effective than etidronate for increasing bone mass in osteopenic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"98","author":"Gua\u00f1abens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26466","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing monthly ibandronate and weekly alendronate for osteoporosis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Gua\u00f1abens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(98)85099-6","article-title":"Effects of alendronate sodium on severe osteodystrophy in postmenopausal patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a pilot study","volume":"59","author":"Floreani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01026.x","article-title":"Raloxifene improves bone mass in osteopenic women with primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Levy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07341.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of estrogen therapy in preventing bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"98","author":"Menon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623001","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacology of alendronate","volume":"3","author":"Rodan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02411241","article-title":"Focal mineralization defect during disodium etidronate treatment of calcinosis","volume":"34","author":"Weinstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00278-7","article-title":"Cyclical etidronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: efficacy and safety after seven years of treatment","volume":"103","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221803","article-title":"Effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"322","author":"Storm","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170147","article-title":"A meta-analysis of etidronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Cranney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-007-0012-2","article-title":"Etidronate: what is its place in treatment of primary osteoporosis and other demineralizing diseases today?","volume":"5","author":"Ioachimescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067312","article-title":"Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"356","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511303332201","article-title":"Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"333","author":"Liberman","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52506.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of risedronate in reducing fracture risk in osteoporotic women aged 80 and older: implications for the use of antiresorptive agents in the old and oldest old","volume":"52","author":"Boonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.05.004","article-title":"Oral ibandronate significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures of greater severity after 1, 2, and 3 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"37","author":"Felsenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6267","article-title":"Antifracture efficacy of antiresorptive agents are related to changes in bone density","volume":"85","author":"Wasnich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1701","article-title":"Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy","volume":"291","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01622195","article-title":"Long-term effects of transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal bone loss","volume":"4","author":"Hillard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0046","first-page":"953","article-title":"Menopausal changes in calcium balance performance","volume":"92","author":"Heaner","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36357","article-title":"Bone metabolism in advanced cholestatic liver disease: analysis by bone histomorphometry","volume":"36","author":"Guichelaar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-6-855","article-title":"Bone loss and reduced osteoblast function in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"103","author":"Hodgson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280315","article-title":"Bone mineral density, serum insulin-like growth factor I, and bone turnover markers in viral cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Gallego-Rojo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80211-0","article-title":"Osteopenia in rats with liver cirrhosis: beneficial effects of IGF-I treatment","volume":"28","author":"Cemborain","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1760339","article-title":"Vitamin K stimulates osteoblastogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in human bone marrow cell culture","volume":"176","author":"Koshihara","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02230.x","article-title":"Lithocholic acid downregulates vitamin D effects in human osteoblasts","volume":"40","author":"Ruiz-Gasp\u00e0","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.10.025","article-title":"Human parathyroid hormone 1-34 prevents bone loss in experimental biliary cirrhosis in rats","volume":"134","author":"Dresner-Pollak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3410","article-title":"Disease duration and stage influence bone microstructure in patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.11.016","article-title":"Differing effects of denosumab and alendronate on cortical and trabecular bone","volume":"59","author":"Zebaze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Densitometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094695019300526?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094695019300526?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T21:42:48Z","timestamp":1761082968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094695019300526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094695019300526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-6950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-6950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Pharmacologic Management of Osteoporosis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Densitometry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}