{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:50:35Z","timestamp":1778705435618,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010301","name":"Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008257","name":"Tarbiat Modares University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Densitometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:27:37Z","timestamp":1760063257000},"page":"101633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlation of Gastrocnemius Muscle Quality With Balance, Appendicular Skeletal Mass, and Fall Risk in Osteoporotic Women: A Musculoskeletal Sonography Assessment During Rest and Activity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7625-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Bagheri Yekta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4784-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giti","family":"Torkaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6565-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Aghaghazvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.07.005","article-title":"The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans","volume":"47","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0002","article-title":"The association of osteoporosis and geriatric syndromes in the elderly: data from the Russian epidemiological study EVKALIPT","volume":"18","author":"Dudinskaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2021.01418","article-title":"Update on hormone therapy for the management of postmenopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2549-5","article-title":"Relations of osteoporosis and follow-up duration to recurrent falls in older men and women","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2019.04.004","article-title":"Predicting incident falls: Relationship between postural sway and limits of stability in older adults","volume":"66","author":"Johansson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2022.10","article-title":"Fat Mass as an Independent Variable to Assess the Possibility of Predicting the Stability in Postmenopausal Women with and Without Osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Mofid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2022.956932","article-title":"Integrating ankle and hip strategies for the stabilization of upright standing: An intermittent control model","volume":"16","author":"Morasso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.09.081","article-title":"Contribution of calf muscle-tendon properties to single-leg stance ability in the absence of visual feedback in relation to ageing","volume":"26","author":"Onamb\u00e9l\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12502","article-title":"Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0010","first-page":"269","article-title":"Ultrasonography for Assessment of Sarcopenia: A Primer","volume":"13","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280202","article-title":"Usefulness of muscle ultrasound in appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimation for sarcopenia assessment","volume":"18","author":"Baek","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.06.017","article-title":"Age-Related Ultrasound Changes in Muscle Quantity and Quality in Women","volume":"41","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12720","article-title":"Age-related alterations in muscle architecture are a signature of sarcopenia: the ultrasound sarcopenia index","volume":"12","author":"Narici","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1159\/000525758","article-title":"Evaluation of Appendicular Muscle Mass in Sarcopenia in Older Adults Using Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104093","article-title":"Gastrocnemius thickness by ultrasonography indicates the low skeletal muscle mass in Japanese elderly people","volume":"90","author":"Yuguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112102","article-title":"Age-related changes in gait biomechanics and their impact on the metabolic cost of walking: Report from a National Institute on Aging workshop","volume":"173","author":"Boyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111385","article-title":"Association between knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor muscle thickness and echo intensity with postural sway, mobility and physical function in older adults","volume":"150","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0018","first-page":"88","article-title":"Relationships between hamstring morphological characteristics and postural balance in elderly men","volume":"20","author":"Palmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.05.059","article-title":"Motor unit firing rates of the gastrocnemii during maximal and sub-maximal isometric contractions in young and old men","volume":"330","author":"Kirk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10375","article-title":"Measurement of muscle contraction with ultrasound imaging","volume":"27","author":"Hodges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0021","article-title":"Face validity and test retest reliability of Persian Version of Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire","volume":"7","author":"Rafaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"MEJDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12387","article-title":"Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Hear Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03313-y","article-title":"Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index is associated with the anthropometric variables of post-menopausal women","volume":"22","author":"da Cruz","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12361","article-title":"Skeletal muscle reference for Chinese children and adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2018.42.3.384","article-title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stroke Spasticity Using Neurophysiological and Radiological Tools: A Pilot Study","volume":"42","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0958-1","article-title":"Assessing sarcopenia with vastus lateralis muscle ultrasound: an operative protocol","volume":"30","author":"Ticinesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12175","article-title":"Muscle echo intensity: reliability and conditioning factors","volume":"35","author":"Caresio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000236027","article-title":"Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale and Falls Efficacy Scale International in geriatric patients with and without cognitive impairment: results of self-report and interview-based questionnaires","volume":"56","author":"Hauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2013.06.005","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) using self-report and interview-based questionnaires among Persian-speaking elderly adults","volume":"57","author":"Baharlouei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlos G, Godoy T, Cabral KDN, Mota P, Regina L, Castro D, et al. Changes in postural balance associated with a woman\u2019s aging process 2022;77:3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100041.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100041"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802010000400009","article-title":"Postural control among elderly women with and without osteoporosis: is there a difference?","volume":"128","author":"Burke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01442.2005","article-title":"Calf muscle-tendon properties and postural balance in old age","volume":"100","author":"Onambele","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04556-6","article-title":"Echo intensity as an indicator of skeletal muscle quality: applications, methodology, and future directions","volume":"121","author":"Stock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.09.009","article-title":"Age-related reductions in muscle quality influence the relative differences in strength and power","volume":"99","author":"Gerstner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9625-4","article-title":"Relationship between quadriceps femoris echo intensity, muscle power, and functional capacity of older men","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age (Omaha)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9708","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9708-2","article-title":"Echo intensity is negatively associated with functional capacity in older women","volume":"36","author":"Rech","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04556-6","article-title":"Echo intensity as an indicator of skeletal muscle quality: applications, methodology, and future directions","volume":"121","author":"Stock","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429530","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between ultrasound parameters and muscle strength in elder adults: a meta-analysis of sarcopenia-related exercise performance","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.010","article-title":"Muscle architecture assessment: strengths, shortcomings and new frontiers of in vivo imaging techniques","volume":"44","author":"Franchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-11-63","article-title":"Dynamic measurement of pennation angle of gastrocnemius muscles during contractions based on ultrasound imaging","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9517-z","article-title":"Association between ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echogenicity and skeletal muscle strength in the elderly","volume":"35","author":"Strasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Densitometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109469502500071X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109469502500071X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:24:10Z","timestamp":1773321850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S109469502500071X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S109469502500071X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-6950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-6950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Correlation of Gastrocnemius Muscle Quality With Balance, Appendicular Skeletal Mass, and Fall Risk in Osteoporotic Women: A Musculoskeletal Sonography Assessment During Rest and Activity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Densitometry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101633","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101633"}}