{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:57:58Z","timestamp":1791464278116,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#352788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#352788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006196","name":"Oulun Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#430-2022-00362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#430-2022-00362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Climate Change and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T23:47:54Z","timestamp":1786146474000},"page":"100721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Validation of the climate change worry for adolescents and climate concern impacts on daily life scales"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cerina","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ojala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Treble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasha","family":"Roswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiffer G.","family":"Card","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekroop","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12525","article-title":"The impact of climate change awareness on children\u2019s mental well-being and negative emotions - a scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0002","first-page":"379","article-title":"Adolescent wellbeing and climate crisis: adolescents are responding, what about health professionals?","author":"McGushin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0003","series-title":"The climate crisis is a child rights crisis","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00551-1","article-title":"Understanding youths\u2019 concerns about climate change: a binational qualitative study of ecological burden and resilience","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01615-3","article-title":"Report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: implications for the mental health policy of children and adolescents in Europe\u2014a scoping review","volume":"31","author":"Clemens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116008","article-title":"Measuring negative emotional responses to climate change among young people in survey research: a systematic review","volume":"329","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009252904.003","article-title":"Definitions and conceptualizations of climate distress","volume":"21","author":"Pihkala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clim Change Youth Ment Health Multidiscip Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-023-01430-y","article-title":"Child and adolescent psychological reactions to climate change: a narrative review through an existential lens","volume":"25","author":"Treble","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/28324765.2025.2449878","article-title":"A COSMIN systematic review of the psychometric properties of instruments that measure climate change-related distress","volume":"4","author":"Ramsay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogent Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White R.F., Braun J.M., Kopylev L., Segal D., Sibrizzi C.A., Lindahl A.J., et al. NIEHS report on evaluating features and application of neurodevelopmental tests in epidemiological studies. 2022.","DOI":"10.22427\/NIEHS-01"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2024.102957","article-title":"Limited consensus on what climate anxiety is: insights from content overlap analysis on 12 questionnaires","volume":"109","author":"van Dijk","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2024-222716","article-title":"Coming to terms with climate change: a glossary for climate change impacts on mental health and well-being","volume":"79","author":"Niedzwiedz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.478","article-title":"Worry is reasonable: the role of explanations in pessimism about future personal events","volume":"100","author":"MacLeod","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12311","article-title":"The surprising upsides of worry","volume":"11","author":"Sweeny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Pers Psychol Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073912468165","article-title":"Appraisal theories of emotion: state of the art and future development","volume":"5","author":"Moors","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emot rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/01650254241266119","article-title":"How to measure climate change worry in adolescents? Psychometric properties of the climate change worry scale","volume":"49","author":"Donati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020494","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the climate change worry scale","volume":"18","author":"Stewart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Env Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0018","first-page":"537","article-title":"Promoting hope: how do children, adolescents, and young adults cope with climate change?","volume":"7","author":"Worry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Environ Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2012.02.004","article-title":"How do children cope with global climate change? Coping strategies, engagement, and well-being","volume":"32","author":"Ojala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Env Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2023.102093","article-title":"Climate-change worry among two cohorts of late adolescents: exploring macro and micro worries, coping, and relations to climate engagement, pessimism, and well-being","volume":"90","author":"Wullenkord","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Env Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2024.102368","article-title":"Testing an integrated model of climate change anxiety","volume":"97","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Env Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e863","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00278-3","article-title":"Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey","volume":"5","author":"Hickman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/28324765.2025.2490524","article-title":"Towards a unified conceptual framework of eco-anxiety: mapping eco-anxiety through a scoping review","volume":"4","author":"Boivin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogent Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-022-03402-2","article-title":"On climate anxiety and the threat it may pose to daily life functioning and adaptation: a study among European and African French-speaking participants","volume":"173","author":"Heeren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clim Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06274-1","article-title":"The relationship between climate change and mental health: a systematic review of the association between eco-anxiety, psychological distress, and symptoms of major affective disorders","volume":"24","author":"Cosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"COSMIN Study design checklist for patient-reported outcome measurement instruments","volume":"2019","author":"Mokkink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Amst Neth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7012","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221140044","article-title":"The relationship behavior survey: a comprehensive measure of psychological intimate partner violence for adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Cascardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237","article-title":"Sample size requirements for structural equation models: an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety","volume":"73","author":"Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149","article-title":"Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer","volume":"6","author":"Boateng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-210848","article-title":"Effective questionnaire design: how to use cognitive interviews to refine questionnaire items","volume":"15","author":"Balza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102263","article-title":"Climate anxiety: psychological responses to climate change","volume":"74","author":"Clayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391","article-title":"The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: development and validation of a multidimensional scale","volume":"71","author":"Hogg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Env Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0033","series-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research","author":"Brown","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1055-2","article-title":"RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: the story they tell depends on the estimation methods","volume":"51","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0035","first-page":"209","article-title":"Model fit and model selection in structural equation modeling","volume":"1","author":"West","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: Multidiscip J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab119","article-title":"Measurement invariance of the GAD-7 and CESD-R-10 among adolescents in Canada","volume":"47","author":"Romano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1080\/26408066.2021.1906813","article-title":"Item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis: complementary approaches for scale development","volume":"18","author":"Bean","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Evid Based Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0039","series-title":"Item response theory: parameter estimation techniques","author":"Baker","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.031","article-title":"A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the revised children\u2019s anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in Spain, Chile and Sweden","volume":"310","author":"Cervin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117727747","article-title":"Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis of the DASS-21 depression and anxiety scales: how do they perform in a cancer sample?","volume":"121","author":"Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-019-00647-2","article-title":"The cognitive empowerment scale: multigroup confirmatory factor analysis among youth of color","volume":"37","author":"Lardier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Soc Work J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-016-9506-0","article-title":"Identification of confirmatory factor analysis models of different levels of invariance for ordered categorical outcomes","volume":"81","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-009-9135-y","article-title":"Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic","volume":"75","author":"Satorra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0045","series-title":"The measurement of health and health status: concepts, methods and applications from a multidisciplinary perspective","author":"Krabbe","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychometric assessment of climate-related emotional responses: a systematic review of measures for eco-anxiety and related constructs","author":"Owczarek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0047","author":"Milligan-Toffler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hempel L., Geiger M., Betsch C. Toward a unified understanding of climate anxiety: examining measures of 1 climate and eco-anxiety 2. 2025.","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/9hf8b_v2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2020.101434","article-title":"Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety","volume":"69","author":"Clayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Env Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-021-03234-6","article-title":"Anxiety and climate change: a validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale in a German-speaking quota sample and an investigation of psychological correlates","volume":"168","author":"Wullenkord","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clim Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20333-y","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 impairment due to climate anxiety is associated with self-efficacy and behavioral engagement: a cross-sectional analysis in Quebec (Canada)","volume":"24","author":"Turcotte-Tremblay","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339562","article-title":"Toward a unified understanding of climate anxiety: examining measures of climate and eco-anxiety","volume":"20","author":"Hempel","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Climate Change Worry Scale in adolescents: a study on community and clinical samples","author":"Terzio\u011flu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child 19s Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0054","article-title":"An adolescent-caregiver dyad approach to climate anxiety in the pediatric Emergency department","volume":"63","author":"Assaf","year":"2026","journal-title":"INQ J Health Care Organ Provis Financ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae09d2","article-title":"Climate anxiety among adolescents in a pediatric emergency department","volume":"3","author":"Assaf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721_bib0056","series-title":"Canada\u2019s record-breaking wildfires in 2023: a fiery wake-up call - natural resources Canada","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Climate Change and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667278226000696?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667278226000696?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:14:01Z","timestamp":1791461641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667278226000696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S2667278226000696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-2782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-2782","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Validation of the climate change worry for adolescents and climate concern impacts on daily life scales","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Climate Change and Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joclim.2026.100721","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100721"}}