{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:22:57Z","timestamp":1792452177606,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jocn-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]],"date-time":"2010-05-21T04:49:46Z","timestamp":1274417386000},"page":"959-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Physiology of psychogenic movement disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib1","series-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders. Neurology and neuropsychiatry","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.061655","article-title":"Functional symptoms and signs in neurology: assessment and diagnosis","volume":"76","author":"Stone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32832dc169","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70523-3","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"5","author":"Hinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.082","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders: aetiology, phenomenology, neuroanatomical correlates and therapeutic approaches","volume":"47","author":"Nowak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2009.04.008","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"27","author":"Peckham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib7","first-page":"491","article-title":"Functional MRI lie detection: too good to be true?","volume":"36","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib8","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Time-domain analysis of EEG during Guilty Knowledge Test: investigation of epoch extraction criteria","volume":"2007","author":"Merzagora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2008.10.001","article-title":"A new approach for EEG feature extraction in P300-based lie detection","volume":"94","author":"Abootalebi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.01.035","article-title":"Speaking of secrets and lies: the contribution of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to vocal deception","volume":"40","author":"Spence","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.04.025","article-title":"What is the Bereitschaftspotential?","volume":"117","author":"Shibasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib12","series-title":"Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook","first-page":"2765","article-title":"Myoclonus and myoclonic syndromes","author":"Hallett","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070312","article-title":"Voluntary stimulus-sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib14","series-title":"Movement disorders","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib15","series-title":"Movement disorders","first-page":"7","article-title":"Electromyography","author":"Hallett","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib16","series-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders: neurology and neuropsychiatry","first-page":"262","article-title":"Clinical neurophysiology of myoclonus","author":"Brown","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1145","article-title":"Electrophysiological aids to the diagnosis of psychogenic jerks, spasms, and tremor","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib18","first-page":"418","article-title":"Startle syndromes","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib19","first-page":"197","article-title":"Axial myoclonus of propriospinal origin","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20927","article-title":"Electromyography patterns of propriospinal myoclonus can be mimicked voluntarily","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22072","article-title":"Psychogenic propriospinal myoclonus","volume":"23","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21910","article-title":"Clinical and neurophysiological characterization of myoclonus in complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Munts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22355","article-title":"Myoclonus in complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.6.745","article-title":"Presence of Bereitschaftspotential preceding psychogenic myoclonus: clinical application of jerk-locked back averaging","volume":"58","author":"Terada","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130216","article-title":"Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors","volume":"13","author":"Deuschl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.11.2127","article-title":"Time-frequency analysis of tremors","volume":"121","author":"O\u2019Suilleabhain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10707","article-title":"Identification of psychogenic, dystonic, and other organic tremors by a coherence entrainment test","volume":"19","author":"McAuley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000076183.34915.CD","article-title":"Accelerometry to distinguish psychogenic from essential or parkinsonian tremor","volume":"61","author":"Zeuner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20731","article-title":"Psychogenic palatal tremor","volume":"21","author":"Pirio Richardson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000137012.35029.6B","article-title":"Two different pathogenetic mechanisms in psychogenic tremor","volume":"63","author":"Raethjen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01052.2003","article-title":"How self-initiated memorized movements become automatic: a fMRI study","volume":"91","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.08.009","article-title":"Transient arrest of psychogenic tremor induced by contralateral ballistic movements","volume":"370","author":"Kumru","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21670","article-title":"Dual task interference in psychogenic tremor","volume":"22","author":"Kumru","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-45295-0_72","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dystonia","author":"Hallett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2006.05.004","article-title":"Pathophysiology of writer\u2019s cramp","volume":"25","author":"Hallett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2337","article-title":"The pathophysiological basis of dystonias","volume":"9","author":"Breakefield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328307bf07","article-title":"Clinical features of dystonia: a pathophysiological revisitation","volume":"21","author":"Quartarone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1005","article-title":"Hand cramps: clinical features and electromyographic patterns in a focal dystonia","volume":"38","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0606-4","article-title":"Does dystonia always include co-contraction? A study of unconstrained reaching in children with primary and secondary dystonia","volume":"176","author":"Malfait","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20837","article-title":"Cortical and spinal abnormalities in psychogenic dystonia","volume":"59","author":"Espay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21801","article-title":"Cortical excitability is abnormal in patients with the \u201cfixed dystonia\u201d syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Avanzino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp213","article-title":"Abnormal sensorimotor plasticity in organic but not in psychogenic dystonia","volume":"132","author":"Quartarone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg273","article-title":"Abnormal associative plasticity of the human motor cortex in writer\u2019s cramp","volume":"126","author":"Quartarone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl221","article-title":"The two sides of associative plasticity in writer\u2019s cramp","volume":"129","author":"Weise","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20720","article-title":"Psychogenic parkinsonism: a combination of clinical, electrophysiological, and [(123)I]-FP-CIT SPECT scan explorations improves diagnostic accuracy","volume":"21","author":"Benaderette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21505","article-title":"Role of DAT-SPECT in the diagnostic work up of parkinsonism","volume":"22","author":"Scherfler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10592","article-title":"Role of dopamine transporter imaging in routine clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Marshall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00319680","article-title":"How to identify psychogenic disorders of stance and gait. A video study in 37 patients","volume":"238","author":"Lempert","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.03.019","article-title":"Volitional control of movement: the physiology of free will","volume":"118","author":"Hallett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169896","article-title":"Movement intention after parietal cortex stimulation in humans","volume":"324","author":"Desmurget","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21451","article-title":"Abnormal affective startle modulation in individuals with psychogenic [corrected] movement disorder","volume":"22","author":"Seignourel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ca00e9","article-title":"The involuntary nature of conversion disorder","volume":"74","author":"Voon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586810000536?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586810000536?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:13:52Z","timestamp":1760822032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0967586810000536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0967586810000536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-5868","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physiology of psychogenic movement disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}