{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:10:44Z","timestamp":1776939044989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","jocn-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T10:45:35Z","timestamp":1484045135000},"page":"6-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The filum terminale internum and externum: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Erfanul","family":"Saker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon M.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof A.","family":"Tomaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rod J.","family":"Oskouian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Shane","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2044-5","article-title":"The pia mater: a comprehensive review of literature","volume":"29","author":"Adeeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0010","first-page":"9","article-title":"Sacrococcygeal developmental abnormalities and tumors in children","volume":"8","author":"Bale","year":"1983","journal-title":"Perspect Pediatr Pathol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0015","first-page":"489","article-title":"The vertebral level of termination of the spinal cord during normal and abnormal development","volume":"106","author":"Barson","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195001000-00012","article-title":"The neurologic deficit associated with lipomas of the cauda equine","volume":"131","author":"Bassett","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198402000-00015","article-title":"Myxopapillary ependymoma of the filum terminale and cauda equina in childhood: report of seven cases and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90405-R","article-title":"The ventriculus terminalis and filum terminale of the human spinal cord","volume":"23","author":"Choi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0035","series-title":"Basic and clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS","author":"Cramer","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0040","author":"De Vloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0800-8","article-title":"Endoscopic spinal tethered cord release: operative technique","volume":"25","author":"Di","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0050","series-title":"Pediatric Neurosurgery: Surgery of the Developing Nervous System","article-title":"Normal and abnormal early development of the nervous system","author":"Dias","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000210224.54816.40","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of the filum terminale and its elastic fibers","volume":"58","author":"Fontes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0060","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Ueber Beziehungen der Enuresis nocturna zu Rudiment\u00e4rformen der Spina bifida occulta (Myelodysplasie)","volume":"80","author":"Fuchs","year":"1910","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.10.PEDS11102","article-title":"Gross and microscopic study of the filum terminale: does the filum contain functional neural elements? Laboratory investigation","volume":"9","author":"Gaddam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335030-00020","article-title":"The film terminale syndrome (the cord-traction syndrome)","volume":"35","author":"Garceau","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0075","series-title":"Anatomy of the human body","author":"Gray","year":"1918"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1177\/028418516300100321","article-title":"Myelography assessment of occult forms of spinal dysraphism","volume":"1","author":"Gryspeerdt","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Radiologica (Sweden)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000028790","article-title":"Filum terminale fusion and dural sac termination: study in 27 cadavers","volume":"30","author":"Hansasuta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1933.02240080098008","article-title":"The normal histology of the intradural filum terminale","volume":"29","author":"Harmeier","year":"1933","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.FOCUS1079","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation","volume":"29","author":"Hertzler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0100","unstructured":"Hill MA. Factors involved in the formation of the filum terminale. In: UNSW Embryology. <https:\/\/embryology.med.unsw.edu.au\/embryology\/index.php\/Paper_-_Factors_Involved_In_The_Formation_Of_The_Filum_Terminale>2016 [accessed 13.07.16]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0105","series-title":"The tethered spinal cord","author":"Holtzman","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.44B4.828","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of progressive lesions in spina bifida occulta","volume":"44","author":"James","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1956.01280040010002","article-title":"Tight filum terminale","volume":"73","author":"Jones","year":"1956","journal-title":"AMA Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0120","unstructured":"Kernohan JW. Primary tumors of the spinal cord and intradural filum terminale. In: Penfield W, editor. Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System, New York; 1932."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.6.g00nv151721","article-title":"Neoplasms of the spinal cord and filum terminale: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"20","author":"Koeller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0130","series-title":"The development and reduction of the tail and of the caudal end of the spinal cord in the human embryo. Contributions to embryology","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Kunitomo","year":"1918"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0135","series-title":"Human embryology","author":"Larsen","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1159\/000098836","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome: an updated review","volume":"43","author":"Lew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1940.02280100094007","article-title":"Spinal dysraphism: spina bifida and myelodysplasia","volume":"44","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"1940","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1942.02290020011001","article-title":"Distant neuroanatomic complications of spina bifida (Spinal Dysra-phism): hydrocephalus, arnold-chiari deformity, stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius, etc.; pathogenesis and pathology","volume":"47","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"1942","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2218-6","article-title":"Primary spinal myxopapillary ependymoma in the pediatric population: a study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database","author":"Lucchesi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0160","first-page":"531","article-title":"Split cord malformations: a clinical study of 254 patients and a proposal for a new clinical-imaging classification","volume":"103","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1988.tb00021.x","article-title":"Fish tumors and their importance in cancer research","volume":"79","author":"Masahito","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198805000-00012","article-title":"Adipose tissue in the filum terminale: a computed tomographic finding that may indicate tethering of the spinal cord","volume":"22","author":"McLendon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0175","series-title":"The developing human: clinically oriented embryology","author":"Moore","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.31.2.106","article-title":"Intramedullary cystic lesions of the conus medullaris","volume":"31","author":"Nassar","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199209000-00010","article-title":"Split cord malformation: part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations","volume":"31","author":"Pang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0190","first-page":"14","article-title":"Internal hydrocephalus: resulting from peculiar deformity of hind-brain","volume":"63","author":"Parker","year":"1937","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-200209000-00019","article-title":"Anatomic study of the filum terminale and its correlations with the tethered cord syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Pinto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0200","first-page":"188","article-title":"The normal termination of the thecal sac","volume":"2","author":"Righi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2190-9","article-title":"Duplicated filum terminale in the absence of split cord malformation: a potential cause of failed detethering procedures","volume":"30","author":"Rizk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.34.3.0349","article-title":"Lipomas of the spinal cord and cauda equina","volume":"34","author":"Rogers","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0215","article-title":"Variations in position of conus medullaris in adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Rostamzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zahedan J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199807010-00005","article-title":"The variation of position of the conus medullaris in an adult population: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"23","author":"Saifuddin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(97)00377-7","article-title":"Management of tight filum terminale syndrome: with special emphasis on normal level conus medullaris (NLCM)","volume":"50","author":"Sel\u00e7uki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0230","first-page":"733","article-title":"Ventriculus terminalis of the conus medullaris: MR imaging in four patients with congenital dilatation","volume":"12","author":"Sigal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0235","series-title":"Gray\u2019s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice","author":"Standring","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000250102","article-title":"Factors involved in the formation of the filum terminale","volume":"25","author":"Streeter","year":"1919","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.5.557","article-title":"Ventriculus terminalis in adults: unusual magnetic resonance imaging features and review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Suh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kor J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1938.02270070011001","article-title":"Structure of the filum terminale","volume":"40","author":"Tarlov","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch Neur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0255","first-page":"192","article-title":"Variations of the sacral canal: their significance in the administration of caudal analgesia","volume":"26","author":"Trotter","year":"1947","journal-title":"Cum Res Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.2.0149","article-title":"The filum terminale externum","volume":"3","author":"Tubbs","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spinal lipoma of the filum terminale: review of 174 consecutive patients","volume":"8","author":"Usami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199404000-00005","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome: the low-lying and normally positioned conus","volume":"34","author":"Warder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0275","first-page":"p.nou293","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients with spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: treatment results from the MD Anderson Cancer Center and institutions from the Rare Cancer Network","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0280","series-title":"Tethered cord syndrome","author":"Yamada","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.4.0494","article-title":"Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Yamada","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000121263","article-title":"Normal diameter of filum terminale in children: in vivo measurement","volume":"27","author":"Yundt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586816309778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586816309778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T06:35:07Z","timestamp":1568702107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0967586816309778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0967586816309778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-5868","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The filum terminale internum and externum: A comprehensive review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}