{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T12:57:32Z","timestamp":1792241852616,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jocn-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:57:44Z","timestamp":1579741064000},"page":"39-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neurological function following early versus delayed decompression surgery for drop foot caused by lumbar degenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimoto","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tokumi","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Satake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenyu","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Imagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259922.82413.72","article-title":"Surgical outcome of drop foot caused by degenerative lumbar diseases","volume":"32","author":"Aono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.SPINE09142","article-title":"Long-term outcome of lumbar disc surgery: an experience from Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"Bakhsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)80048-L","article-title":"Foot drop following brain lesion","volume":"43","author":"Eskandary","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0020","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Recovery of ankle dorsiflexion weakness following lumbar decompressive surgery","volume":"16","author":"Ghahreman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci Off J Neurosurg Soc Australas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0025","first-page":"419","article-title":"Painless foot drop: an atypical etiology of a common presentation","volume":"5","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200212000-00010","article-title":"Improvement of preoperative foot drop after lumbar surgery","volume":"15","author":"Girardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2011.49.6.384","article-title":"Sudden foot drop caused by foraminal gas pseudocyst","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E573","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817c6cb5","article-title":"Foot drop of sudden onset caused by acute hematoma in the lumbar ligamentum flavum: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Kono","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E21","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181ec7e3e","article-title":"Foot drop caused by a lesion in the thoracolumbar spine","volume":"24","author":"Miwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149393","article-title":"Foot drop: where, why and what to do?","volume":"8","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753915","article-title":"Central causes of foot drop: rare and underappreciated differential diagnoses","volume":"30","author":"Westhout","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032037","article-title":"Early versus delayed decompression for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: results of the Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS)","volume":"7","author":"Fehlings","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40137-015-0115-0","article-title":"Timing of surgery in the setting of acute spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"Nakashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Surg Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101627","article-title":"Does early decompression improve neurological outcome of spinal cord injured patients? Appraisal of the literature using a meta-analytical approach","volume":"42","author":"La Rosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006150-00010","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation: a meta-analysis of surgical outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Ahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00015","article-title":"Medical realities of cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation","volume":"25","author":"Shapiro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0491-y","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome treated by surgical decompression: the influence of timing on surgical outcome","volume":"16","author":"Qureshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000813","article-title":"Does early surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome improve bladder outcome?","volume":"40","author":"Srikandarajah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B10.35922","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome: is the current management of patients presenting to district general hospitals fit for purpose? A personal view based on a review of the literature and a medicolegal experience","volume":"97-b","author":"Todd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-5180-x","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative clinical recovery of drop foot attributable to lumbar degenerative diseases, via a Bayesian Network","volume":"475","author":"Takenaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.12.035","article-title":"Preoperative motor strength and time to surgery are the most important predictors of improvement in foot drop due to degenerative lumbar disease","volume":"361","author":"Macki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1668-3","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome: a review of the current clinical and medico-legal position","volume":"20","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B8.14625","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation in elderly patients","volume":"85","author":"Fujii","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31817baad8","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome (CES) from lumbar disc herniations","volume":"22","author":"Olivero","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1840-4","article-title":"Outcome of spinal decompression in Cauda Equina syndrome presenting late in developing countries: case series of 50 cases","volume":"20","author":"Dhatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1326947","article-title":"Surgical outcome for foot drop in lumbar degenerative disease","volume":"2","author":"Bhargava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"3844\u20133859","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0135","article-title":"Microglia are indispensable for synaptic plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn and chronic pain","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2990-3","article-title":"A rat model for chronic spinal nerve root compression","volume":"23","author":"Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006043481284","article-title":"Microglia: neuroprotective and neurotrophic cells in the central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Nakajima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3281","article-title":"A role for Schwann cell-derived neuregulin-1 in remyelination","volume":"16","author":"Stassart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586819319265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586819319265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:23:29Z","timestamp":1760822609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0967586819319265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0967586819319265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-5868","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurological function following early versus delayed decompression surgery for drop foot caused by lumbar degenerative diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.01.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}