{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:09:24Z","timestamp":1783714164386,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004327","name":"SingHealth Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jocn-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T23:04:36Z","timestamp":1604790276000},"page":"147-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["An open label randomized trial to assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing post-operative recurrence of chronic subdural haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Kai Rui","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ehsan","family":"Saffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Xiao Ling","family":"Khong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine Chiat Ling","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Anqi","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Hoe","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas Kon Kam","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007290","article-title":"Effects of atorvastatin on chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.835378","article-title":"Proposal for a prospective multi-centre audit of chronic subdural haematoma management in the United Kingdom and Ireland","volume":"28","author":"Coulter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0015","first-page":"290","article-title":"Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly\u2013a North Wales experience","volume":"95","author":"Asghar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J R Soc Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.5.JNS132715","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical procedures: a systematic review","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.037","article-title":"Pathophysiology and nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: from past to present to future","volume":"116","author":"Holl","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.01.050","article-title":"Evidence based diagnosis and management of chronic subdural hematoma: a review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Mehta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"108","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma : inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Edlmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolias AG, Chari A, Santarius T, Hutchinson PJ. Chronic subdural haematoma\u00a0: modern management and emerging therapies. Nat Rev Neurol [Internet]. 2014; Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.163.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.163"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.4.388","article-title":"Kallikrein-kinin system in chronic subdural haematomas: its roles in vascular permeability and regulation of fibrinolysis and coagulation","volume":"59","author":"Fujisawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050310001645801","article-title":"Natural history of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Inj [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.1.0026","article-title":"Role of local hyperfibrinolysis in the etiology of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"45","author":"Ito","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Neurosurg [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000255","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma management","volume":"259","author":"Almenawer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115085","article-title":"Burr hole washout versus craniotomy for chronic subdural hematoma: patient outcome and cost analysis","volume":"10","author":"Regan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0070","article-title":"Outcomes of chronic subdural haematoma drainage in nonagenarians and centenarians: a multicenter study","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.6.JNS17130","article-title":"Factors predicting reoperation of chronic subdural hematoma following primary surgical evacuation","volume":"129","author":"Motiei-langroudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2010.48.6.518","article-title":"Postoperative course and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"48","author":"Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12910","article-title":"The current place of tranexamic acid in the management of bleeding","volume":"70","author":"Hunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0090","first-page":"332","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma with tranexamic acid","volume":"119","author":"Kageyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.a2015.0011","article-title":"Tranexamic acid: a clinical review","volume":"47","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-448","article-title":"Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in spinal surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanism of action of tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of data from the CRASH-2 trial","volume":"18","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaborators C-2 trial. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2010;376(9734):23\u201332. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60835-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60835-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.9.1799","article-title":"Comparison of the ABC\/2 estimation technique to computer-assisted volumetric analysis of intraparenchymal and subdural hematomas","volume":"29","author":"Gebel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000162714.46038.0f","article-title":"The value of XYZ\/2 technique compared with computer-assisted volumetric analysis to estimate the volume of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"36","author":"Sucu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0125","article-title":"Management of subdural hematomas: Part II. surgical management of subdural hematomas","volume":"20","author":"Fomchenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"916","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.916.71","article-title":"Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly","volume":"78","author":"Adhiyaman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.937","article-title":"Outcome of contemporary surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: evidence based review","volume":"74","author":"Weigel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2012.08.005","article-title":"Surgical management of chronic subdural haematoma: one hole or two?","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.03.062","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for treatment of residual subdural hematoma after bedside twist-drill evacuation","volume":"91","author":"Tanweer","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.910702","article-title":"Quantitative computer tomography analysis of post-operative subdural fluid volume predicts recurrence of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santarius T, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, et al. Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2009;374:1067\u201373. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61115-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61115-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690500305332","article-title":"Non-surgical primary treatment of chronic subdural haematoma: preliminary results of using dexamethasone","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.393","article-title":"A pilot placebo controlled randomized trial of dexamethasone for chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"43","author":"Prud\u2019homme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirashima Y, Kuwayama N, Hamada H, Hayashi N, Endo S. Etizolam, An anti-anxiety agent, attenuates recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma--evaluation by computed tomography. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) [Internet]. 2002;42(2):53\u20135; discussion 56. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11944589.","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.42.53"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.0879","article-title":"Irrigation with thrombin solution reduces recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma in high-risk patients: preliminary report","volume":"26","author":"Shimamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0180","article-title":"The role of medical treatment in chronic subdural hematoma","author":"Thotakura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2030","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for chronic subdural hematoma in Chinese patients a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5885","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0190","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dex-CSDH randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone for chronic subdural haematoma: report of the internal pilot phase","volume":"9","author":"Edlmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Sci Rep"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.1.107","article-title":"Treatment of subdural and intracerebral haematomas in a haemodialysis patient with tranexamic acid","volume":"15","author":"Vujkovac","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1358-5","article-title":"Tranexamic Acid in Chronic Subdural Hematomas (TRACS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Iorio-Morin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0205","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in neurosurgery: a controversy indication\u2014review","author":"de Faria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211868","article-title":"Short-term tranexamic acid treatment reduces in-hospital mortality in aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage: a multicenter comparison study","volume":"14","author":"Post","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000165","article-title":"Tranexamic acid: from trauma to routine perioperative use","volume":"28","author":"Simmons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-00460-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid administration in traumatic brain injury patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yokobori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaborators C-3 T. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2019;394(10210):1713\u201323. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32233-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32233-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet154","article-title":"Antifibrinolytic agents in current anaesthetic practice","volume":"111","author":"Ortmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10084","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30638-4","article-title":"Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Shakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sprigg N, Flaherty K, Appleton JP, Salman RA, Bereczki D, Beridze M, et al. Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2018;391(10135):2107\u201315. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31033-X.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31033-X"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S096758682031612X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S096758682031612X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:24:44Z","timestamp":1760822684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S096758682031612X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S096758682031612X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-5868","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An open label randomized trial to assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing post-operative recurrence of chronic subdural haemorrhage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}