{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1793162009656,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jocn-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:10:58Z","timestamp":1789733458000},"page":"112306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fighting for safety: head and spine injuries in martial arts presenting to U.S. emergency departments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Rabon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zayaan","family":"Tirmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Carnovale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Swaroop","family":"Lavadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Kojo","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Maroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001195","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating head trauma in boxing","volume":"33","author":"Donnelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med Off J Can Acad Sport Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-5391.2010.01107.x","article-title":"Effects of martial arts on health status: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Bu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Evid-Based Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0015","unstructured":"admin. A-Z of Martial Arts. On the sport. Be part of it. January 19, 2021. Accessed March 20, 2025. https:\/\/www.gosports.com.my\/opinion\/a-z-of-martial-arts\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0020","first-page":"40","article-title":"A review of the effects of martial arts practice on health","volume":"108","author":"Woodward","year":"2009","journal-title":"WMJ Off Publ State Med Soc Wis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000084283","article-title":"Martial arts injuries","volume":"48","author":"Pieter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sport Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00345-3","article-title":"Profiling combat sports athletes: competitive history and outcomes according to sports type and current level of competition","volume":"7","author":"Barley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0035","unstructured":"Fighters detail possible brain damage, serious injuries in latest round of support for UFC antitrust lawsuit settlement - MMA Fighting. Accessed November 27, 2024. https:\/\/www.mmafighting.com\/2024\/10\/15\/24270232\/fighters-detail-serious-injuries-possible-brain-damage-support-ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-settlement."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.1885966","article-title":"Head injury in mixed martial arts: a review of epidemiology, affected brain structures and risks of cognitive decline","volume":"49","author":"Schlegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018341","article-title":"Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport","volume":"39","author":"Bahr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10 Supl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318041f737","article-title":"Evaluation and overview of the national electronic injury surveillance system-cooperative adverse drug event surveillance project (NEISS-CADES)","volume":"45","author":"Jhung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3022","article-title":"Council on sports medicine and fitness. youth participation and Injury risk in martial arts","volume":"138","author":"Demorest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lystad, R. P., Augustovi\u010dov\u00e1, D., Harris, G., Beskin, K., & Arriaza, R. (n.d.). Epidemiology of Injuries in Olympic-style Karate Competitions: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. British J Sports Med, 54(16), 976\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-101990.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-101990"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0065","article-title":"A narrative review of combat sports injuries with a particular focus on cervical spine injuries","volume":"16","author":"Bakirtzis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875211016666","article-title":"Children in boxing and martial arts should be better guarded from facial injuries","volume":"15","author":"Gotlieb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34828","article-title":"Martial arts: time needed for training","volume":"2","author":"Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0080","unstructured":"Oehler C. Don\u2019t Sleep On Professional Pillow Fighting - It\u2019s Real. Forbes. Accessed March 20, 2025. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/candaceoehler\/2024\/11\/28\/dont-sleep-on-professional-pillow-fightingits-real\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0085","unstructured":"Rules | FightPFC.com. December 29, 2022. Accessed March 19, 2025. https:\/\/fightpfc.com\/rules\/."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.2605","article-title":"Video analysis of concussion among slap fighting athletes","volume":"159","author":"Lavadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16020254","article-title":"Dangers of mixed martial arts in the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.3390\/s21061948","article-title":"Evaluating martial arts punching kinematics using a vision and inertial sensing system","volume":"21","author":"Ishac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2016-0191","article-title":"Pediatric traumatic brain injury: characteristic features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"57","author":"Araki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk8040150","article-title":"Effectiveness of protective measures and rules in reducing the incidence of injuries in combat sports: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"\u0160tyriak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098799","article-title":"Concussion management in combat sports: consensus statement from the Association of Ringside Physicians","volume":"53","author":"Neidecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586826004571?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586826004571?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:45:34Z","timestamp":1793159134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0967586826004571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0967586826004571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-5868","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fighting for safety: head and spine injuries in martial arts presenting to U.S. emergency departments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2026.112306","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112306"}}