{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:03:42Z","timestamp":1787166222182,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the possible association between keratoconus (KC) and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) and to compare it with age-matched healthy subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred patients with KC and 100 normal subjects were included. The two groups were compared for serum 25OHD and serum levels of three trace elements: Se, Zn, and Cu. These factors were also compared between groups with different KC stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum levels of vitamin D, Zn, Cu, and Se were significantly different between the KC and normal groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038, respectively). Although a lower level of 25OHD was found in severe stages of KC, it was not significantly different among different KC groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.441). KC stage groups were not significantly different for mean serum Zn, Cu, and Se (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.130,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.98,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.113, respectively). Although the Cu\/Zn ratio was higher in cases than in controls, there was no significant difference between the two groups and between KC stages (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.168,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.143, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower serum 25OHD, Cu, Zn, and Se were found in the KC group compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that a lower antioxidative activity may be involved in the possible etiology of KC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2019.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T18:00:56Z","timestamp":1570816856000},"page":"26-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Selenium, Zinc and Copper in Patients with Keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Siamak","family":"Zarei-Ghanavati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Yahaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid Ghayour","family":"Mobarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pardis","family":"Eghbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.04.006","article-title":"Keratoconus: A review","volume":"33","author":"Romero-Jimenez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 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