{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T07:31:43Z","timestamp":1775979103656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,25]],"date-time":"2007-10-25T06:07:12Z","timestamp":1193292432000},"page":"1283-1289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Clinical Efficiency of 2% Chlorhexidine Gel in Reducing Intracanal Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ching S.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland R.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Trope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabricio B.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(65)90166-0","article-title":"The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats","volume":"20","author":"Kakehashi","year":"1965","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Influence on periradicular tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys","volume":"89","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00543.x","article-title":"Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis","volume":"3","author":"Bystr\u00f6m","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1997.tb00714.x","article-title":"Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical peridontitis","volume":"30","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib5","first-page":"321","article-title":"Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy","volume":"89","author":"Bystr\u00f6m","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(98)80170-2","article-title":"Bacterial reduction with nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation","volume":"24","author":"Dalton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200012000-00022","article-title":"Reduction of intracanal bacteria using nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation and various medications","volume":"26","author":"Shuping","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000145035.85272.7c","article-title":"Reduction of intracanal bacteria using GT rotary Instrumentation, 5.25% NaOCl, EDTA, and Ca(OH)2","volume":"21","author":"McGurkin-Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00863.x","article-title":"Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis: a pilot study","volume":"24","author":"\u00d8rstavik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00117.x","article-title":"The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing","volume":"24","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2000.00303.x","article-title":"Complications during root canal irrigation\u2014literature review and case reports","volume":"33","author":"H\u00fclsmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147","article-title":"Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance","volume":"12","author":"McDonnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90109-D","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine","volume":"25","author":"Russell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(82)90469-8","article-title":"The effect of chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation on the root canal flora of freshly extracted necrotic teeth","volume":"53","author":"Delany","year":"1982","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80815-0","article-title":"A comparision of 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as antimicrobial endodontic irrigants","volume":"20","author":"Jeansonne","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00360-3","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite","volume":"97","author":"Vianna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00168-9","article-title":"The effect of chlorhexidine as an endodontic disinfectant","volume":"96","author":"Zamany","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.09.014","article-title":"Root canal irrigants","volume":"32","author":"Zehnder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2003.07.005","article-title":"Chlorhexidine substantivity in root canal dentin","volume":"98","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2002.00544.x","article-title":"Inflammatory responses to different endodontic irrigating solutions","volume":"35","author":"Filho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200411000-00009","article-title":"Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants","volume":"30","author":"Naenni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200107000-00004","article-title":"In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial action and the mechanical ability of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant","volume":"27","author":"Ferraz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.11.003","article-title":"Bacterial quantification in teeth with apical periodontitis related to instrumentation and different intracanal medications: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Manzur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.01.004","article-title":"In vitro assessment of a gel base containing 2% chlorhexidine as a sodium perborate\u2019s vehicle for intracoronal bleaching of discolored teeth","volume":"32","author":"Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.122346","article-title":"An effective method of inactivating chlorhexidine","volume":"93","author":"Zamany","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01121.x","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of microbial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation of human root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue","volume":"39","author":"Vianna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660081801","article-title":"In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules","volume":"66","author":"Haapasalo","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.04.010","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine gel used as intracanal medicament","volume":"102","author":"Gomes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00144.x","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine or iodine potassium iodide on Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"112","author":"Sir\u00e9n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200305000-00006","article-title":"Additive antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on common endodontic bacterial pathogens","volume":"29","author":"Podbielski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.01.008","article-title":"Reduction in the cultivable bacterial populations in infected root canals by a chlorhexidine-based antimicrobial protocol","volume":"33","author":"Siqueira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.05.072","article-title":"Effectiveness of a calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine digluconate mixture as disinfectant during retreatment of failed endodontic cases","volume":"100","author":"Zerella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81169-6","article-title":"Endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: single vs","volume":"25","author":"Trope","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2002.00541.x","article-title":"Periapical healing of endodontically treated teeth in one and two visits obturated in the presence or absence of detectable microorganisms","volume":"35","author":"Peters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000164856.27920.85","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of treatment procedures in endodontic infection control and one year follow-up of periapical healing","volume":"31","author":"Waltimo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239907006395?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239907006395?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T20:24:13Z","timestamp":1556915053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239907006395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0099239907006395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2007.07.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}