{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:06:30Z","timestamp":1787691990697,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jendodon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:03:24Z","timestamp":1571011404000},"page":"S39-S48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Microbiological Aspects of Traumatic Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ashraf F.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1986.tb00133.x","article-title":"Relationship between pulp dimensions and development of pulp necrosis after luxation injuries in the permanent dentition","volume":"2","author":"Andreasen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2001.017002053.x","article-title":"Healing of 208 intra-alveolar root fractures in patients aged 7-17 years","volume":"17","author":"Cvek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2004.00279.x","article-title":"Healing of 400 intra-alveolar root fractures. 1. Effect of pre-injury and injury factors such as sex, age, stage of root development, fracture type, location of fracture and severity of dislocation","volume":"20","author":"Andreasen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12074","article-title":"Pulpal response to sensibility tests after traumatic dental injuries in permanent teeth","volume":"30","author":"Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12611","article-title":"Pulp sensibility and vitality tests for diagnosing pulpal health in permanent teeth: a critical review","volume":"50","author":"Alghaithy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12424","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of laser Doppler flowmetry in assessing pulp blood flow in permanent teeth: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Ghouth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.01.021","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of five dental pulp tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Mainkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00645.x","article-title":"Restored vitality in luxated teeth assessed by laser Doppler flowmeter","volume":"4","author":"Gazelius","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1988.tb01139.x","article-title":"Laser Doppler flowmetry in assessing vitality in luxated permanent teeth","volume":"21","author":"Olgart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00005.x","article-title":"Revascularization of traumatized teeth assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry: case report","volume":"13","author":"Mesaros","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1941.0052","article-title":"The anachoretic effect in pulpitis I. Bacteriologic studies","volume":"28","author":"Robinson","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345680470040801","article-title":"Anachoretic effect of pulpitis","volume":"47","author":"Gier","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(89)80157-8","article-title":"Experimental bacterial anachoresis in dog dental pulps capped with calcium hydroxide","volume":"15","author":"Tziafas","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(81)90344-3","article-title":"Localization of blood-borne bacteria in instrumented unfilled root canals","volume":"52","author":"Delivanis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(84)80136-3","article-title":"The localization of blood-borne bacteria in instrumented unfilled and overinstrumented canals","volume":"10","author":"Delivanis","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(07)80216-0","article-title":"Localization and identification of root canal bacteria in clinically asymptomatic periapical pathosis","volume":"16","author":"Fukushima","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345670460031601","article-title":"Origin of microorganisms in traumatized, pulpless, sound teeth","volume":"46","author":"Grossman","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2000.016006269.x","article-title":"Comparison of profiles of key periodontal pathogens in periodontium and endodontium","volume":"16","author":"Rupf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.08.022","article-title":"Microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation","volume":"41","author":"Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.01.036","article-title":"Identification of selected respiratory pathogens in endodontic infections","volume":"106","author":"Nandakumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.09.021","article-title":"The cracked tooth: histopathologic and histobacteriologic aspects","volume":"41","author":"Ricucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.08.015","article-title":"A six year evaluation of cracked teeth diagnosed with reversible pulpitis: treatment and prognosis","volume":"33","author":"Krell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib23","series-title":"Endodontic Microbiology","first-page":"25","article-title":"Microbiology of dental caries and dentinal tubule infection","author":"Love","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0902-0055.2001.00090.x","article-title":"The effect of tissue molecules on bacterial invasion of dentine","volume":"17","author":"Love","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300207","article-title":"Invasion of dentinal tubules by oral bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Love","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.10.004","article-title":"The effect of age on bacterial penetration of radicular dentin","volume":"35","author":"Kakoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.035","article-title":"Effectiveness of endodontic disinfecting solutions against young and old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.03.001","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy and discoloration potential of endodontic topical antibiotics","volume":"44","author":"AlSaeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00671.x","article-title":"Microbial causes of endodontic flare-ups","volume":"36","author":"Siqueira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.12.022","article-title":"Bacterial community profiling of cryogenically ground samples from the apical and coronal root segments of teeth with apical periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"Alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.01.044","article-title":"Community as the unit of pathogenicity: an emerging concept as to the microbial pathogenesis of apical periodontitis","volume":"107","author":"Siqueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.08.020","article-title":"Extraradicular infection as the cause of persistent symptoms: a case series","volume":"41","author":"Ricucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.09.038","article-title":"Fate of the tissue in lateral canals and apical ramifications in response to pathologic conditions and treatment procedures","volume":"36","author":"Ricucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.12.008","article-title":"Exuberant Biofilm infection in a lateral canal as the cause of short-term endodontic treatment failure: report of a case","volume":"39","author":"Ricucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(75)80115-4","article-title":"Microorganisms from pulpal chambers of intact teeth with necrotic pulps","volume":"1","author":"Wittgow","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib36","first-page":"347","article-title":"Micro-organisms from necrotic pulp of traumatized teeth","volume":"25","author":"Bergenholtz","year":"1974","journal-title":"Odontol Revy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib37","series-title":"Bacteriological studies of necrotic dental pulps (odontological dissertation no. 7)","first-page":"82","author":"Sundqvist","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib38","series-title":"Endodontic Microbiology","first-page":"51","article-title":"Culture-based analysis of endodontic infections","author":"Dahlen","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib39","first-page":"134","article-title":"Predominant indigenous oral bacteria isolated from infected root canals after varied times of closure","volume":"90","author":"Fabricius","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.01.038","article-title":"Microbial evaluation of traumatized teeth treated with triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine gel in pulp revascularization","volume":"40","author":"Nagata","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1997.tb00397.x","article-title":"Evaluation of root canal bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility in teeth with necrotic pulp","volume":"12","author":"Le Goff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200301000-00012","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria associated with endodontic abscesses","volume":"29","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.06.028","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in primary and persistent endodontic infections","volume":"37","author":"Jungermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.05.029","article-title":"Endodontic pathogens causing deep neck space infections: clinical impact of different sampling techniques and antibiotic susceptibility","volume":"37","author":"Poeschl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510370026","article-title":"Analyzing endodontic infections by deep coverage pyrosequencing","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-345","article-title":"Microbial transformation from normal oral microbiota to acute endodontic infections","volume":"13","author":"Hsiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509346549","article-title":"Diversity of endodontic microbiota revisited","volume":"88","author":"Siqueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28088","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028088","article-title":"Comparing the bacterial diversity of acute and chronic dental root canal infections","volume":"6","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib49","unstructured":"Fouad AF. The role of infection and disinfection in dental pulp regeneration. Paper presented at: AADR\/CADR 47th Annual Meeting on March 21-24, 2018; Fort Lauderdale, FL."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2000.016005197.x","article-title":"Bacteria of asymptomatic periradicular endodontic lesions identified by DNA-DNA hybridization","volume":"16","author":"Gatti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2000.016005191.x","article-title":"Assessment of periradicular microbiota by DNA-DNA hybridization","volume":"16","author":"Sunde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200204000-00011","article-title":"Microbiota of periapical lesions refractory to endodontic therapy","volume":"28","author":"Sunde","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12895","article-title":"Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone-resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis","volume":"51","author":"Takahama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.02.002","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro activity of amoxicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin against oral Actinomyces","volume":"33","author":"LeCorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1996.tb01392.x","article-title":"Susceptibility of Actinomyces israelii to antibiotics, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide","volume":"29","author":"Barnard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2004.00752.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the endodontic microorganisms Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"37","author":"Radcliffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00736.x","article-title":"An evidence-based assessment of the clinical guidelines for replanted avulsed teeth. Part II: prescription of systemic antibiotics","volume":"25","author":"Hinckfuss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2012.01125.x","article-title":"International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth","volume":"28","author":"Andersson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2011.01103.x","article-title":"International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth","volume":"28","author":"Diangelis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1986.tb00124.x","article-title":"Replantation of teeth and antibiotic treatment","volume":"2","author":"Hammarstrom","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00412.x","article-title":"Pulp revascularization in reimplanted immature monkey incisors--predictability and the effect of antibiotic systemic prophylaxis","volume":"6","author":"Cvek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00423.x","article-title":"Traumatic intrusion of permanent teeth. Part 3. A clinical study of the effect of treatment variables such as treatment delay, method of repositioning, type of splint, length of splinting and antibiotics on 140 teeth","volume":"22","author":"Andreasen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1995.tb00464.x","article-title":"Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 4. Factors related to periodontal ligament healing","volume":"11","author":"Andreasen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1995.tb00462.x","article-title":"Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 2. Factors related to pulpal healing","volume":"11","author":"Andreasen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2004.00278.x","article-title":"Healing of 400 intra-alveolar root fractures. 2. Effect of treatment factors such as treatment delay, repositioning, splinting type and period and antibiotics","volume":"20","author":"Andreasen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.08.015","article-title":"AAE Position Statement: AAE Guidance on the Use of Systemic Antibiotics in Endodontics","volume":"43","author":"Fouad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib67","first-page":"343","article-title":"Treatment of non-vital permanent incisors with calcium hydroxide. II. Effect on external root resorption in luxated teeth compared with effect of root filling with guttapucha. A follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Cvek","year":"1973","journal-title":"Odontol Revy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(87)90094-6","article-title":"The effect of an antibiotic\/corticosteroid paste on inflammatory root resorption in\u00a0vivo","volume":"64","author":"Pierce","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00292.x","article-title":"Evidence for direct inhibition of dentinoclasts by a corticosteroid\/antibiotic endodontic paste","volume":"4","author":"Pierce","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2002.00142.x","article-title":"Effect of immediate intracanal placement of Ledermix Paste(R) on healing of replanted dog teeth after extended dry times","volume":"18","author":"Bryson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00483.x","article-title":"The effect of intracanal anti-inflammatory medicaments on external root resorption of replanted dog teeth after extended extra-oral dry time","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.18","article-title":"Calcium hydroxide reduces lipopolysaccharide-stimulated osteoclast formation","volume":"95","author":"Jiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514526886","article-title":"Calcium hydroxide suppresses Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide-induced bone destruction","volume":"93","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(81)80262-2","article-title":"pH changes in dental tissues after root canal filling with calcium hydroxide","volume":"7","author":"Tronstad","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12629","article-title":"European Society of Endodontology position statement: revitalization procedures","volume":"49","author":"Galler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.028","article-title":"Mahidol study 1: comparison of radiographic and survival outcomes of immature teeth treated with either regenerative endodontic or apexification methods: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Jeeruphan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.10.032","article-title":"Revascularization outcomes: a prospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases","volume":"40","author":"Kahler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.10.027","article-title":"Regenerative potential of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps after different regenerative protocols","volume":"40","author":"Nagy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.02.016","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical outcomes of the treatment of immature permanent teeth by revascularization or apexification: a pilot retrospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Alobaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.10.035","article-title":"Longitudinal cohort study of regenerative endodontic treatment for immature necrotic permanent teeth","volume":"43","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.06.023","article-title":"Regenerative endodontics versus apexification in immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: a prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.06.010","article-title":"Microbial factors and antimicrobial strategies in dental pulp regeneration","volume":"43","author":"Fouad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000148143.80283.ea","article-title":"Disinfection of immature teeth with a triple antibiotic paste","volume":"31","author":"Windley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.07.001","article-title":"Infection control in tteeth with apical periodontitis using a triple antibiotic solution or calcium hydroxide with chlorhexidine: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Arruda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.01.032","article-title":"Traumatized immature teeth treated with 2 protocols of pulp revascularization","volume":"40","author":"Nagata","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516671499","article-title":"Effect of residual bacteria on the outcome of pulp regeneration in\u00a0vivo","volume":"96","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E116","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1712","article-title":"A novel three-dimensional scaffold for regenerative endodontics: materials and biological characterizations","volume":"9","author":"Bottino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.03.005","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of novel triple antibiotic paste-mimic scaffolds on Actinomyces naeslundii biofilm","volume":"41","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.12.025","article-title":"Effects of ciprofloxacin-containing scaffolds on enterococcus faecalis biofilms","volume":"41","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.07.019","article-title":"Triple antibiotic polymer nanofibers for intracanal drug delivery: effects on dual species biofilm and cell function","volume":"42","author":"Pankajakshan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.08.024","article-title":"Clindamycin-modified triple antibiotic nanofibers: a stain-free antimicrobial intracanal drug delivery system","volume":"44","author":"Karczewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239919303978?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239919303978?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T19:47:52Z","timestamp":1758829672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239919303978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0099239919303978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microbiological Aspects of Traumatic Injuries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Endodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 John Wiley & Sons A\/S and American Association of Endodontists. This article is being published concurrently in Dental Traumatology. The articles are identical. Either citation can be used when citing this article.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}