{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:15:59Z","timestamp":1777983359599,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jendodon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T08:55:35Z","timestamp":1569056135000},"page":"1175-1183.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anesthetic Efficacy of Gow-Gates, Vazirani-Akinosi, and Mental Incisive Nerve Blocks for Treatment of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Venkateshbabu","family":"Nagendrababu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hany Mohamed","family":"Aly Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaju Jacob","family":"Pulikkotil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajesh K.","family":"Veettil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lalli","family":"Dharmarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank C.","family":"Setzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12249","article-title":"Strategies for managing pain during endodontic treatment","volume":"44","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.09.016","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of Gow-Gates mandibular conduction anesthesia, Vazirani-Akinosi technique, buccal-plus-lingual infiltrations, and conventional inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis","volume":"109","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.02.015","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of mental incisal nerve block, inferior alveolar nerve block, and their combination on the anesthetic success rate in symptomatic mandibular premolars: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib4","first-page":"143","article-title":"Efficacy of IANB and Gow-Gates techniques in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized double blind clinical study","volume":"13","author":"Ghoddusi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.10.008","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of Gow-Gates nerve block, inferior alveolar nerve block, and their combination in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Saatchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2500-4","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of mental\/incisive nerve block compared to inferior alveolar nerve block using 4% articaine in mandibular premolars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Ghabraei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.128891","article-title":"A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques","volume":"8","author":"Khalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90372-3","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis","volume":"84","author":"Reisman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(98)80053-8","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis","volume":"24","author":"Nusstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200310000-00004","article-title":"The significance of needle deflection in success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.07.013","article-title":"Effect of sublingual triazolam on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis","volume":"34","author":"Lindemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.12.025","article-title":"Anesthetic success of an inferior alveolar nerve block and supplemental articaine buccal infiltration for molars and premolars in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis","volume":"42","author":"Fowler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1642","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine, 4% articaine, and 0.5% bupivacaine on inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-63.2.84","article-title":"variant inferior alveolar nerves and implications for local anesthesia","volume":"63","author":"Wolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1974-1","article-title":"Effect of preoperative oral analgesics on pulpal anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Shirvani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(73)90208-9","article-title":"Mandibular conduction anesthesia: a new technique using extraoral landmarks","volume":"36","author":"Gow-Gates","year":"1973","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.09.010","article-title":"Evaluation of the Gow-Gates and Vazirani-Akinosi techniques in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized study","volume":"41","author":"Click","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.016","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of the Gow-Gates injection and maxillary infiltration with articaine and lidocaine for irreversible pulpitis","volume":"34","author":"Sherman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib19","series-title":"Handbook of Local Anesthesia","first-page":"241","author":"Malamed","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.07.025","article-title":"Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy of the conventional inferior alveolar, Gow-Gates, and Vazirani-Akinosi techniques","volume":"34","author":"Goldberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19S","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0343","article-title":"The use of the mandibular infiltration anesthetic technique in adults","volume":"142","author":"Meechan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80849-6","article-title":"An evaluation of the incisive nerve block and combination inferior alveolar and incisive nerve blocks in mandibular anesthesia","volume":"18","author":"Nist","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib24","first-page":"29","article-title":"A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials","volume":"10","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00242-0","article-title":"Publication and related bias in meta-analysis: power of statistical tests and prevalence in the literature","volume":"53","author":"Sterne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib26","series-title":"User manual for trial sequential analysis (TSA)","first-page":"1","author":"Thorlund","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.190013","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of effect of preoperative alprazolam and diclofenac potassium on the success of inferior alveolar, Vazirani-Akinosi, and Gow-Gates techniques for teeth with irreversible pulpitis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Shetkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-1546.2002.10103.x","article-title":"Local anesthetic failure in endodontics: mechanisms and management","volume":"1","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endod Topics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800060801","article-title":"Vanilloid receptor expression and capsaicin excitation of rat dental primary afferent neurons","volume":"80","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12912","article-title":"Effect of oral premedication on the anaesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis - a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"51","author":"Pulikkotil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.02.017","article-title":"Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as an oral premedication on the anesthetic success of inferior alveolar nerve block in treatment of irreversible pulpitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"44","author":"Nagendrababu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.013","article-title":"Trial sequential analysis may establish when firm evidence is reached in cumulative meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Wetterslev","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0315-7","article-title":"Trial sequential analysis in systematic reviews with meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wetterslev","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.04.012","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of supplemental buccal and lingual infiltrations of articaine and lidocaine after an inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis","volume":"35","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239919304674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239919304674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T19:47:43Z","timestamp":1758829663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239919304674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0099239919304674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anesthetic Efficacy of Gow-Gates, Vazirani-Akinosi, and Mental Incisive Nerve Blocks for Treatment of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Endodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2019.06.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 American Association of Endodontists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}