{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:38:58Z","timestamp":1788781138623,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jendodon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T20:30:29Z","timestamp":1659213029000},"page":"1294-1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Antibiofilm Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Alone or Mixed with Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments: An Ex-Vivo Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"AlMaha S.","family":"AlGazlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed H.","family":"Auda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Balto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1168-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahd","family":"Alsalleeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.07.012","article-title":"Microbial modulation of stem cells and future directions in regenerative endodontics","volume":"43","author":"Diogenes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493529","article-title":"Tissue engineering","volume":"260","author":"Langer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516671499","article-title":"Effect of residual bacteria on the outcome of pulp regeneration in\u00a0vivo","volume":"96","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.01.023","article-title":"Effect of bacterial biofilm on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells of apical papilla","volume":"43","author":"Vishwanat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.02.004","article-title":"Regenerative endodontics: a systematic analysis of the failed cases","volume":"45","author":"Almutairi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.11.008","article-title":"Effect of dentin conditioning with intracanal medicaments on survival of stem cells of apical papilla","volume":"40","author":"Althumairy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.03.001","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy and discoloration potential of endodontic topical antibiotics","volume":"44","author":"AlSaeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.06.029","article-title":"Regenerative endodontic treatment or mineral trioxide aggregate apical plug in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Torabinejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00117.x","article-title":"The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing","volume":"24","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1985.tb00652.x","article-title":"The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals","volume":"1","author":"Bystr\u00f6m","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.11.023","article-title":"Effects of chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide on cultivable bacteria in infected root canals","volume":"33","author":"Siqueira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00315.x","article-title":"Bacterial reduction and persistence after endodontic treatment procedures","volume":"22","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.01.031","article-title":"Microbiological profile resistant to different intracanal medications in primary endodontic infections","volume":"41","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(96)80062-8","article-title":"Disinfection by calcium hydroxide pastes of dentinal tubules infected with two obligate and one facultative anaerobic bacteria","volume":"22","author":"Siqueira Jos\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698984","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine containing points against fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra","volume":"6","author":"Rathke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib16","first-page":"38","article-title":"Microbial evaluation of traumatized teeth treated with triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide with 2 % chlorhexidine gel in pulp revascularization","volume":"40","author":"Nagata Juliana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00584.x","article-title":"Associations between microbial species in dental root canal infections","volume":"7","author":"Sundqvist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509346549","article-title":"Diversity of endodontic microbiota revisited","volume":"88","author":"Siqueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.120803","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum in endodontic flare-ups","volume":"93","author":"Villanueva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01974.x","article-title":"Investigation of six selected bacterial species in endo-periodontal lesions","volume":"45","author":"Didilescu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1985.tb00416.x","article-title":"The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in 60 cases of endodontic therapy","volume":"18","author":"Bystrom","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.07.007","article-title":"Tissue reaction to silver nanoparticles dispersion as an alternative irrigating solution","volume":"36","author":"Gomes-Filho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.05.021","article-title":"Antibacterial nanoparticles in endodontics: a review","volume":"42","author":"Shrestha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.08.022","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.08.029","article-title":"Enterococcus faecalis elimination in root canals using silver nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy, diode laser, or laser-activated nanoparticles: an in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"43","author":"Afkhami","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12377","article-title":"Positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid-protected silver nanoparticles: a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment","volume":"48","author":"Abbaszadegan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib27","first-page":"463","article-title":"Bactericidal effect of nano-silver against E. faecalis Biofilm on dentin","volume":"5","author":"Zhuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Stomatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.07.001","article-title":"Combined effect of a mixture of silver nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm","volume":"46","author":"Balto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib29","first-page":"559","article-title":"Effect of endodontic irrigants and medicaments mixed with silver nanoparticles against biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"13","author":"Ghahramani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12028","article-title":"Efficacy of a combined nanoparticulate\/calcium hydroxide root canal medication on elimination of Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"40","author":"Javidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.08.012","article-title":"Antibiofilm efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide medicament against Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"43","author":"Afkhami","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-6-29","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) cause degeneration of cytoskeleton and disrupt synaptic machinery of cultured cortical neurons","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12904","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles as a root canal irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm and infected dentinal tubules","volume":"51","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S246764","article-title":"The antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles and its application in dentistry","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239922005076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239922005076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T19:53:29Z","timestamp":1758830009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239922005076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0099239922005076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiofilm Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Alone or Mixed with Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments: An Ex-Vivo Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Endodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 American Association of Endodontists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}