{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:48:19Z","timestamp":1793418499973,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","jendodon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T03:37:12Z","timestamp":1707363432000},"page":"627-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["External Validation of the Effect of the Combined Use of Object Detection for the Classification of the C-Shaped Canal Configuration of the Mandibular Second\u00a0Molar in Panoramic Radiographs: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Sujin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Deog","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5890-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Kise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihito","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuho","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsuho","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akitoshi","family":"Katsumata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Ariji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonse","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Ariji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90085-9","article-title":"Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth","volume":"58","author":"Vertucci","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000136207.12204.e4","article-title":"C-Shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part I\u2013anatomical features","volume":"30","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01896.x","article-title":"C-Shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"44","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000153593.64951.14","article-title":"Levels of evidence for the outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment","volume":"31","author":"Torabinejad","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.10.007","article-title":"Anatomical study of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars by analysis of computed tomography","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.05.008","volume":"36","author":"Neelakantan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200513","article-title":"Deep-learning for predicting C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars on panoramic radiographs","volume":"50","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.09.009","article-title":"A deep learning approach to segment and classify C-shaped canal morphologies in mandibular second molars using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"47","author":"Sherwood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.04.007","article-title":"Development and validation of a visually explainable deep learning model for classification of C-shaped canals of the mandibular second molars in periapical and panoramic dental radiographs","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of the combined use of segmentation or detection models on the deep learning classification performance for cyst-like lesions of the jaws on panoramic radiographs: preliminary research","author":"Ariji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40414-y","article-title":"A deep learning approach to automatic teeth detection and numbering based on object detection in dental periapical films","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81202-x","article-title":"Deep learning-based detection of dental prostheses and restorations","volume":"11","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-020-00250-6","article-title":"Identification of dental implants using deep learning-pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Implant Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06684-2","article-title":"CariesNet: a deep learning approach for segmentation of multi-stage caries lesion from oral panoramic X-ray image","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061839","article-title":"Deep learning for automated detection of cyst and tumors of the jaw in panoramic radiographs","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib16","article-title":"Performance of deep learning object detection technology in the detection and diagnosis of maxillary sinus lesions on panoramic radiographs","volume":"50","author":"Kuwana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11060933","article-title":"Automatic detection of mandibular fractures in panoramic radiographs using deep learning","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22595-1","article-title":"Comparison of detection performance of soft tissue calcifications using artificial intelligence in panoramic radiography","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib19","series-title":"International conference on machine learning; 2019","first-page":"6105","article-title":"Efficientnet: rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib20","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"7464","article-title":"YOLOv7: trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib21","series-title":"A comprehensive review of YOLO: from YOLOv1 to YOLOv8 and beyond","author":"Terven","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.11.003","article-title":"Applications of deep learning in dentistry","volume":"132","author":"Corbella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152512","article-title":"Deep learning in diagnosis of dental anomalies and diseases: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Sivari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104115","article-title":"Deep learning for caries detection: a systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Mohammad-Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.12.007","article-title":"Deep learning for detection of periapical radiolucent lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy","volume":"49","author":"Sadr","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1979.0402","article-title":"C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars","volume":"99","author":"Cooke","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000136206.73115.93","article-title":"C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part II\u2013radiographic features","volume":"30","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.07.004","article-title":"C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars part III: the morphology of the pulp chamber floor","volume":"32","author":"Min","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2516832","article-title":"Analysis of cause of endodontic failure of C-shaped root canals","volume":"2018","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib30","first-page":"103","article-title":"Data quality: \"garbage in\u2013garbage out\"","volume":"47","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Inf Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50253","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068897","article-title":"Automatic image annotation based on deep learning models: a systematic review and future challenges","volume":"9","author":"Adnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac910a","article-title":"Towards label-efficient automatic diagnosis and analysis: a comprehensive survey of advanced deep learning-based weakly-supervised, semi-supervised and self-supervised techniques in histopathological image analysis","volume":"67","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(98)80137-4","article-title":"The C-shaped mandibular second molar: incidence and other considerations. Members of the Arizona endodontic association","volume":"24","author":"Weine","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80157-5","article-title":"Diagnosis, classification, and frequency of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in the Lebanese population","volume":"25","author":"Haddad","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-020-00486-3","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography classification of the mandibular second molar root morphology and its relationship to panoramic radiographic appearance","volume":"37","author":"Funakoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2018.43.e42","article-title":"C-Shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: a CBCT analysis","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Restor Dent Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib37","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition; 2016","first-page":"779","article-title":"You only look once: unified, real-time object detection","author":"Redmon","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib38","series-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series; 2018","first-page":"012029","article-title":"Understanding of object detection based on CNN family and YOLO","author":"Du","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022_bib39","series-title":"Why did you say that?","author":"Selvaraju","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239924000657?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239924000657?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T03:07:36Z","timestamp":1738120056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239924000657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0099239924000657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"External Validation of the Effect of the Combined Use of Object Detection for the Classification of the C-Shaped Canal Configuration of the Mandibular Second\u00a0Molar in Panoramic Radiographs: A Multicenter Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Endodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2024.01.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 American Association of Endodontists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}