{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:58:34Z","timestamp":1786993114874,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","jendodon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T02:52:38Z","timestamp":1710557558000},"page":"807-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morphology of the Physiological Foramen: II. Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Gerhard","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Lisa","family":"Waber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"Brise\u00f1o Marroqu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib1","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Anatomy of the root canals of the incisors, cuspids and bicuspids of the permanent teeth","volume":"20","author":"Mueller","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(73)90037-6","article-title":"Double canals in single roots","volume":"35","author":"Green","year":"1973","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2003.12.006","article-title":"Endodontic working width: current concepts and techniques","volume":"48","author":"Jou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(61)90477-7","article-title":"A standardized endodontic technique utilizing newly designed instruments and filling materials","volume":"14","author":"Ingle","year":"1961","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(00)80023-2","article-title":"Apical terminus location of root canal treatment procedures","volume":"89","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.03.001","article-title":"An ex\u00a0vivo study of root canal system configuration and morphology of 115 maxillary first premolars","volume":"46","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.08.012","article-title":"Root canal morphology of 116 maxillary second premolars by micro-computed tomography in a mixed Swiss-German population with systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.03.002","article-title":"3-dimensional analysis and systematic review of root canal morphology and physiological foramen geometry of 109 mandibular first premolars by micro-computed tomography in a mixed Swiss-German population","volume":"46","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9120257","article-title":"Internal morphology of mandibular second premolars using micro-computed tomography","volume":"9","author":"Wolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.09.007","article-title":"Root canal morphology and configuration of 179 maxillary first molars by means of micro-computed tomography: an ex\u00a0vivo study","volume":"41","author":"Brise\u00f1o-Marroqu\u00edn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200405000-00005","article-title":"Morphology of the physiological foramen: I. Maxillary and mandibular molars","volume":"30","author":"Marroqu\u00edn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1955.0099","article-title":"Microscopic investigation of root apexes","volume":"50","author":"Kuttler","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.09.039","article-title":"Detection of various anatomic patterns of root canals in mandibular incisors using digital periapical radiography, 3 cone-beam computed tomographic scanners, and micro\u2013computed tomographic imaging","volume":"40","author":"Paes da Silva Ramos Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0091","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging using microcomputed tomography for studying tooth macromorphology","volume":"137","author":"Plotino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.04.020","article-title":"Effects of root canal preparation on apical geometry assessed by micro\u2013computed tomography","volume":"35","author":"Paqu\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2017.29","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of the physiological foramen geometry of maxillary and mandibular molars by means of micro-CT","volume":"9","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(69)90237-0","article-title":"Canal configuration in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar and its endodontic significance","volume":"28","author":"Weine","year":"1969","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90085-9","article-title":"Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth","volume":"58","author":"Vertucci","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(72)90418-5","article-title":"The relationship of the apical foramen to the anatomic apex of the tooth root","volume":"34","author":"Burch","year":"1972","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(72)90214-9","article-title":"Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7,275 root canals","volume":"33","author":"Pineda","year":"1972","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(60)90373-X","article-title":"Stereomicroscopic study of 700 root apices of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth","volume":"13","author":"Green","year":"1960","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.03.044","article-title":"Evaluation of the root canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a selected German population using cone-beam computed tomographic data","volume":"43","author":"B\u00fcrklein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib23","first-page":"330","article-title":"The apex: how critical is it?","volume":"42","author":"Simon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12313","article-title":"Mandibular first premolar apical morphology: a stereomicroscopic study","volume":"45","author":"Awawdeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.12.013","article-title":"Histomorphometric study of the root apex of mandibular premolar teeth: an attempt to correlate working length measured with electronic and radiograph methods to various anatomic positions in the apical portion of the canal","volume":"34","author":"Hassanien","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(90)90334-O","article-title":"Anatomy of the root apex and its histologic changes with age","volume":"69","author":"Stein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200303000-00013","article-title":"The cemento-dentino-canal junction, the apical foramen, and the apical constriction: evaluation by optical microscopy","volume":"29","author":"Ponce","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80486-3","article-title":"Anatomical study of the root apex in the maxillary anterior teeth","volume":"18","author":"Mizutani","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1992.tb00779.x","article-title":"Asymmetry of the root canal foramen","volume":"25","author":"Blaskovi\u0107-Subat","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01513.x","article-title":"Topographical evaluation of the major apical foramen in permanent human teeth","volume":"42","author":"Martos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1984.tb00404.x","article-title":"The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen","volume":"17","author":"Dummer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(56)90192-X","article-title":"A stereomicroscopic study of the root apices of 400 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth","volume":"9","author":"Green","year":"1956","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239924001626?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239924001626?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T05:58:41Z","timestamp":1716011921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239924001626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0099239924001626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphology of the Physiological Foramen: II. Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Endodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2024.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 American Association of Endodontists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}