{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:03:51Z","timestamp":1789621431931,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007804","name":"Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"NIDCR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jendodon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:54:49Z","timestamp":1787327689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strategies to Microengineer Vascularized, Mineralized, and Immunomodulatory Niches for Dental Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Cristiane M.","family":"Franca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Shakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz E.","family":"Bertassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.08.017","article-title":"Mahidol study 2: treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of regenerative endodontic procedures in immature permanent teeth","volume":"50","author":"Theekakul","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib3","first-page":"ZC34","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of PRP, PRF and induced bleeding in the revascularization of teeth with necrotic pulp and open apex: a triple blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Shivashankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.06.020","article-title":"Influence of age and apical diameter on the success of endodontic regeneration procedures","volume":"42","author":"Estefan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518772260","article-title":"Pulp regeneration by 3-dimensional dental pulp stem cell constructs","volume":"97","author":"Itoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf3227","article-title":"Deciduous autologous tooth stem cells regenerate dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth","volume":"10","author":"Xuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15040097","article-title":"Functionalization of PCL-based fiber scaffolds with different sources of calcium and phosphate and odontogenic potential on human dental pulp cells","volume":"15","author":"Anselmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241226649","article-title":"Injectable Tissue-Specific Hydrogel System for Pulp-Dentin Regeneration","volume":"103","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2014.0154","article-title":"The interplay of dental pulp stem cells and endothelial cells in an injectable peptide hydrogel on angiogenesis and pulp regeneration in vivo","volume":"21","author":"Dissanayaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Eng A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02532-3","article-title":"A Novel strategy to engineer pre-vascularized full-length dental pulp-like tissue constructs","volume":"7","author":"Athirasala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513505772","article-title":"Dental pulp tissue engineering in full-length human root canals","volume":"92","author":"Rosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02118-0","article-title":"Delivery of affordable and scalable encapsulated allogenic\/autologous mesenchymal stem cells in coagulated platelet poor plasma for dental pulp regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib13","article-title":"High-throughput bioprinting of geometrically-controlled pre-vascularized injectable microgels for accelerated tissue regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Franca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211007427","article-title":"Fabrication of vascularized DPSC Constructs for efficient pulp regeneration","volume":"100","author":"Katata","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514550040","article-title":"Scaffold-free prevascularized microtissue spheroids for pulp regeneration","volume":"93","author":"Dissanayaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164418","article-title":"Prognosis of regenerative endodontic procedures in mature teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and radiographic parameters","volume":"14","author":"Scelza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-024-00288-3","article-title":"Regenerative potential of concentrated growth factor compared to platelet-rich fibrin in treatment of necrotic mature teeth: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Salah","year":"2025","journal-title":"BDJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520913242","article-title":"Cell-based regenerative endodontics for treatment of periapical lesions: a randomized, controlled phase i\/ii clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Brizuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.11.009","article-title":"Personalized cell therapy for pulpitis using autologous dental pulp stem cells and leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin: a case report","volume":"45","author":"Meza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.04.005","article-title":"Regenerative endodontic procedures in necrotic mature teeth with periapical radiolucencies: a preliminary randomized clinical study","volume":"45","author":"Arslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.01.026","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of intracanal regenerated tissues after regenerative endodontic procedures in mature teeth using magnetic resonance imaging: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"El-Kateb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66305-5","article-title":"A 12-month randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of revitalization of retreated mature incisors with periapical radiolucency in adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Elheeny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.10.004","article-title":"Regenerative endodontic procedures with minced pulp tissue graft in mature permanent teeth: a clinical study","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13681","article-title":"Regenerative endodontic procedures for the treatment of necrotic mature teeth: A preliminary randomized clinical trial","volume":"55","author":"Youssef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"Spec No","key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/002203458506400422","article-title":"The biology of dentin and pulp. Consensus report","volume":"64","author":"Bergenholtz","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513495874","article-title":"The amazing odontoblast: activity, autophagy, and aging","volume":"92","author":"Couve","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517733967","article-title":"Schwann cell phenotype changes in aging human dental pulp","volume":"97","author":"Couve","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47221-5","article-title":"3D-imaging of whole neuronal and vascular networks of the human dental pulp via CLARITY and light sheet microscopy","volume":"9","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514555524","article-title":"LPS induces pulp progenitor cell recruitment via complement activation","volume":"94","author":"Chmilewsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514539507","article-title":"Reactionary dentinogenesis and neuroimmune response in dental caries","volume":"93","author":"Couve","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00299","article-title":"Schwann cell responses and plasticity in different dental pulp scenarios","volume":"12","author":"Couve","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.02.021","article-title":"Neurotrophic proteins in dentin and their effect on trigeminal sensory neurons","volume":"45","author":"Widbiller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211004872","article-title":"Effects of CGRP-primed dental pulp stem cells on trigeminal sensory neurons","volume":"100","author":"Michot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.06.038","article-title":"Trigeminal sensory neurons and pulp regeneration","volume":"46","author":"Diogenes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511400225","article-title":"LPS sensitizes TRPV1 via activation of TLR4 in trigeminal sensory neurons","volume":"90","author":"Diogenes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217796110","article-title":"Geometric control of vascular networks to enhance engineered tissue integration and function","volume":"110","author":"Baranski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6712","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221526110","article-title":"Biomimetic model to reconstitute angiogenic sprouting morphogenesis in vitro","volume":"110","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0314","article-title":"Prevascularization of a fibrin-based tissue construct accelerates the formation of functional anastomosis with host vasculature","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23644-5","article-title":"Synthetic extracellular matrices with tailored adhesiveness and degradability support lumen formation during angiogenic sprouting","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2183","article-title":"Molecular regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001","article-title":"Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises","volume":"21","author":"Armulik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-015-9461-x","article-title":"Large-scale time series microscopy of neovessel growth during angiogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Utzinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.08.026","article-title":"Fabrication of tapered fluidic microchannels conducive to angiogenic sprouting within gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels","volume":"47","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78176-7","article-title":"Engineering pericyte-supported microvascular capillaries in cell-laden hydrogels using stem cells from the bone marrow, dental pulp and dental apical papilla","volume":"10","author":"Parthiban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214539","article-title":"Pre-vascularized hydrogel co-encapsulating SHEDs and HUVECs for dental pulp regeneration","volume":"180","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp3789","article-title":"Perivascular cells function as key mediators of mechanical and structural changes in vascular capillaries","volume":"11","author":"Franca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aa9b4e","article-title":"A dentin-derived hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting of cell laden scaffolds for regenerative dentistry","volume":"10","author":"Athirasala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00502","article-title":"Engineering microvascular networks in LED light-cured cell-laden hydrogels","volume":"4","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22345-2_5","article-title":"Engineering pre-vascularized scaffolds for bone regeneration","volume":"881","author":"Barabaschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00030G","article-title":"Hydrogel bioprinted microchannel networks for vascularization of tissue engineering constructs","volume":"14","author":"Bertassoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/428138a","article-title":"Tissue engineering: creation of long-lasting blood vessels","volume":"428","author":"Koike","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.03.014","article-title":"Vascular tissue engineering: progress, challenges, and clinical promise","volume":"22","author":"Greco Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-019-0086-3","article-title":"Differential functional roles of fibroblasts and pericytes in the formation of tissue-engineered microvascular networks in vitro","volume":"5","author":"Kosyakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.11.020","article-title":"Photopolymerization of cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels using a dental curing light for regenerative dentistry","volume":"34","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9272","article-title":"Developing a pro-regenerative biomaterial scaffold microenvironment requires T helper 2 cells","volume":"352","author":"Sadtler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB02199E","article-title":"Directing immunomodulation using biomaterials for endogenous regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.11.002","article-title":"Divergent immune responses to synthetic and biological scaffolds","volume":"192","author":"Sadtler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02124-y","article-title":"Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Guan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.11.004","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.213883","article-title":"An injectable dental pulp-derived decellularized matrix hydrogel promotes dentin repair through modulation of macrophage response","volume":"161","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib65","article-title":"Spatial confinement modulates macrophage response in microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23482-5","article-title":"Mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 modulates macrophage polarization and stiffness sensing","volume":"12","author":"Atcha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13033","article-title":"Macrophage populations show an M1-to-M2 transition in an experimental model of coronal pulp tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"52","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v040a05","article-title":"Dental pulp inflammatory\/immune response to a chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel in the pulpotomised rat incisor","volume":"40","author":"Renard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib62","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide- and dentin matrix-functionalized hydrogel for vital pulp therapy via synergistic bacteriostasis, immunomodulation, and dentinogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4294","article-title":"Accelerated wound healing by injectable microporous gel scaffolds assembled from annealed building blocks","volume":"14","author":"Griffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb8471","article-title":"YAP-mediated mechanotransduction tunes the macrophage inflammatory response","volume":"6","author":"Meli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54090-0_9","article-title":"Role for mechanotransduction in macrophage and dendritic cell immunobiology","volume":"62","author":"Mennens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.02.048","article-title":"Material stiffness influences the polarization state, function and migration mode of macrophages","volume":"89","author":"Sridharan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03675-9","article-title":"Extracellular matrix stiffness and tumor-associated macrophage polarization: new fields affecting immune exclusion","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.11.031","article-title":"Macrophage phenotype as a predictor of constructive remodeling following the implantation of biologically derived surgical mesh materials","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6581","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b00489","article-title":"A Biomimetic hierarchical nanointerface orchestrates macrophage polarization and mesenchymal stem cell recruitment to promote endogenous bone regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2007.0264","article-title":"Macrophage phenotype as a determinant of biologic scaffold remodeling","volume":"14","author":"Badylak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12020441","article-title":"Multifunctional exosomes derived from M2 macrophages with enhanced odontogenesis, neurogenesis and angiogenesis for regenerative endodontic therapy: an in vitro and in vivo investigation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101944","article-title":"The role of different macrophages-derived conditioned media in dental pulp tissue regeneration","volume":"79","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2656784","article-title":"The immunomodulatory and regenerative effect of biodentine\u2122 on human THP-1 cells and dental pulp stem cells: in vitro study","volume":"2022","author":"Abuarqoub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26855-y","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and contemporary root canal disinfection protocols against bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)","volume":"13","author":"Alquria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08835-4","article-title":"Comparison of GentleWave system and passive ultrasonic irrigation with minimally invasive and conventional instrumentation against LPS in infected root canals","volume":"12","author":"Velardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201600572","article-title":"Comparison of fusobacterium nucleatum and porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides clinically isolated from root canal infection in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion","volume":"27","author":"Martinho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.11.015","article-title":"Quantification of endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in root canal infection before and after chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite","volume":"34","author":"Martinho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.08.021","article-title":"Bioactivity of photoactivated functionalized nanoparticles assessed in lipopolysaccharide-contaminated root canals in vivo","volume":"44","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.07.018","article-title":"Human stem cells from the apical papilla response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide exposure and anti-inflammatory effects of nuclear factor I C","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10938","article-title":"Immune responses of human dental pulp stem cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced microenvironment","volume":"42","author":"Bindal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-014-1799-7","article-title":"Repeated lipopolysaccharide stimulation promotes cellular senescence in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)","volume":"356","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.11.008","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human periodontal ligament stem cells","volume":"59","author":"Kato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.07.016","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli but not from Porphyromonas gingivalis induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and alkaline phosphatase in dental follicle cells","volume":"57","author":"Morsczeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301722","article-title":"Identification of a unique hybrid macrophage-polarization state following recovery from lipopolysaccharide tolerance","volume":"192","author":"O'Carroll","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix279","article-title":"PD-L1 overexpression during endotoxin tolerance impairs the adaptive immune response in septic patients via HIF1\u03b1","volume":"217","author":"Avenda\u00f1o-Ortiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70265-7","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions in sepsis","volume":"8","author":"van der Poll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.001","article-title":"Human monocytes undergo functional re-programming during sepsis mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1","volume":"42","author":"Shalova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.10.035","article-title":"Impact of 3-D printed PLA- and chitosan-based scaffolds on human monocyte\/macrophage responses: unraveling the effect of 3-D structures on inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308887110","article-title":"Modulation of macrophage phenotype by cell shape","volume":"110","author":"McWhorter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23683-y","article-title":"TLR4 signalling via Piezo1 engages and enhances the macrophage mediated host response during bacterial infection","volume":"12","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/525367","article-title":"Modulation of dental pulp stem cell odontogenesis in a tunable PEG-fibrinogen hydrogel system","volume":"2015","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251357588","article-title":"Canonical and noncanonical WNT-loaded hydrogel for dentin-pulp regeneration","volume":"105","author":"de Souza Ara\u00fajo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70061","article-title":"Injectable Thermo-responsive dentine matrix hydrogel for enhancing dentine regeneration","volume":"59","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04735-z","article-title":"3D-printed microgels supplemented with dentin matrix molecules as a novel biomaterial for direct pulp capping","volume":"27","author":"Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104888","article-title":"Equivalence of human and bovine dentin matrix molecules for dental pulp regeneration: proteomic analysis and biological function","volume":"119","author":"Horsophonphong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1790-8","article-title":"Dentin matrix proteins (DMPs) enhance differentiation of BMMSCs via ERK and P38 MAPK pathways","volume":"356","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.04.008","article-title":"Dissolution of bio-active dentine matrix components by mineral trioxide aggregate","volume":"35","author":"Tomson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.11.004","article-title":"Dentin matrix components extracted with phosphoric acid enhance cell proliferation and mineralization","volume":"32","author":"Salehi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.12.020","article-title":"The effect of calcium hydroxide on solubilisation of bio-active dentine matrix components","volume":"27","author":"Graham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib103","first-page":"407","article-title":"Dentin matrix component solubilization by solutions of pH relevant to self-etching dental adhesives","volume":"15","author":"Ferracane","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adhes Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.08.042","article-title":"Angiogenic activity of dentin matrix components","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-009-0116-5","article-title":"Can interaction of materials with the dentin-pulp complex contribute to dentin regeneration?","volume":"98","author":"Ferracane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.03.008","article-title":"Dentin on the nanoscale: hierarchical organization, mechanical behavior and bioinspired engineering","volume":"33","author":"Bertassoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.06.033","article-title":"Progress and Challenges in microengineering the dental pulp vascular microenvironment","volume":"46","author":"Bertassoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2020.107636","article-title":"Embedding cells within nanoscale, rapidly mineralizing hydrogels: a new paradigm to engineer cell-laden bone-like tissue","volume":"212","author":"Mansoorifar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11455-8","article-title":"Rapid fabrication of vascularized and innervated cell-laden bone models with biomimetic intrafibrillar collagen mineralization","volume":"10","author":"Thrivikraman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101321","article-title":"Bioprinting of complex multicellular organs with advanced functionality-recent progress and challenges ahead","volume":"34","author":"Bertassoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-025-00371-w","article-title":"Engineering and biofabrication of early cancer models","volume":"4","author":"Helms","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Bioeng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.02.012","article-title":"Revolutionizing endodontics: innovative approaches for treating mature teeth with closed apices and apical lesions: a report of two cases","volume":"50","author":"Brizuela","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1580842","article-title":"The four pillars for successful regenerative therapy in endodontics: stem cells, biomaterials, growth factors, and their synergistic interactions","volume":"2022","author":"Brizuela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.05.003","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human inflamed dental pulp exhibit impaired immunomodulatory capacity in vitro","volume":"46","author":"Inostroza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.07.010","article-title":"Pulp regenerative cell therapy for mature molars: a report of 2 cases","volume":"48","author":"Nakashima","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.12.028","article-title":"Higher maximal occlusal bite force in endodontically treated teeth versus vital contralateral counterparts","volume":"43","author":"Awawdeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345550340021701","article-title":"A study on the pressoreceptive sensibility of the tooth","volume":"34","author":"Loewenstein","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.06.014","article-title":"Assessment of regaining pulp sensibility in mature necrotic teeth using a modified revascularization technique with platelet-rich fibrin: a clinical study","volume":"44","author":"Nageh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.07.016","article-title":"Histologic evaluation of regenerated tissues in the pulp spaces of teeth with mature roots at the time of the regenerative endodontic procedures","volume":"45","author":"Arslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x","article-title":"Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.04.009","article-title":"Micro-computed tomography study of oval-shaped canals prepared with the self-adjusting file, Reciproc, WaveOne, and ProTaper universal systems","volume":"39","author":"Versiani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2005.00994.x","article-title":"The isthmuses of the mesial root of mandibular molars: a micro-computed tomographic study","volume":"38","author":"Mannocci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.04.007","article-title":"Biofilms and apical periodontitis: study of prevalence and association with clinical and histopathologic findings","volume":"36","author":"Ricucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.09.007","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization of 2 immature teeth treated with regenerative endodontic procedures","volume":"44","author":"Austah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04333-5","article-title":"Intracanal calcification following regenerative endodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Almutairi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12338","article-title":"Histological assessment of regenerative endodontic treatment in animal studies with different scaffolds: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Altaii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239926004528?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0099239926004528?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:32:23Z","timestamp":1789619543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0099239926004528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["S0099239926004528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strategies to Microengineer Vascularized, Mineralized, and Immunomodulatory Niches for Dental Regeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Endodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2026.08.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Association of Endodontists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}