{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:42:12Z","timestamp":1791312132410,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jogc.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T18:25:23Z","timestamp":1547144723000},"page":"233-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["No. 373-Cervical Insufficiency and Cervical Cerclage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Delisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2003.50005","article-title":"Current controversies in cervical cerclage","volume":"27","author":"Rand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409013390","article-title":"Cervical incompetence and cerclage in Denmark 1980-1990","volume":"73","author":"Lidegaard","year":"1994","journal-title":"A register based epidemiological survey. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1978.tb00008.x","article-title":"Incompetence of the cervix","volume":"18","author":"McDonald","year":"1978","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2004.09.001","article-title":"The cervix and prematurity: aetiology, prediction and prevention","volume":"9","author":"Shennan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0005","article-title":"Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing pregnancy loss in women","author":"Drakeley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.118655","article-title":"Final results of the Cervical Incompetence Prevention Randomized Cerclage Trial (CIPRACT): therapeutic cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone","volume":"185","author":"Althuisius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000020930","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes in a patient with the hypermobility type of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome","volume":"14","author":"De Vos","year":"1999","journal-title":"A case report. Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des193","article-title":"Prevalence of cervical insufficiency in polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Feigenbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.7.1975","article-title":"Mid-trimester loss\u2013appraisal of a screening protocol","volume":"13","author":"Drakeley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00759.x","article-title":"Prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes by transvaginal ultrasound features and risk factors in a high-risk population","volume":"20","author":"Odibo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1340","article-title":"Mid-trimester endovaginal sonography in women at high risk for spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"286","author":"Owen","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00437.x","article-title":"Cervical length and funneling at 23 weeks of gestation in the prediction of spontaneous early preterm delivery","volume":"18","author":"To","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70407-2","article-title":"Cervical length and dilatation of the internal cervical os detected by vaginal ultrasonography as markers for preterm delivery: a systematic review","volume":"181","author":"Leitich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-2115(96)02440-2","article-title":"Cervical collagen in non-pregnant women with previous cervical incompetence","volume":"67","author":"Petersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000314018","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis and mid-trimester pregnancy loss","volume":"70","author":"Ugwumadu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.047","article-title":"The frequency and significance of intraamniotic inflammation in patients with cervical insufficiency","volume":"198","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0017","first-page":"279","article-title":"Cervical incompetence. A diagnostic and prognostic scoring system","volume":"47","author":"Block","year":"1976","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0018","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cervical incompetence: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects","volume":"13","author":"Toaff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0019","first-page":"525","article-title":"Radiologic appearance of the upper cervical canal in women with a history of premature delivery","volume":"34","author":"Zlatnik","year":"1989","journal-title":"II. Relationship to clinical presentation and to tests of cervical compliance. J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0020","first-page":"365","article-title":"Interval evaluation of the cervix for predicting pregnancy outcome and diagnosing cervical incompetence","volume":"38","author":"Zlatnik","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.10.006","article-title":"Management of cervical weakness based on the measurement of cervical resistance index","volume":"134","author":"Anthony","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e3181fe0e05","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length as a predictor of preterm birth: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Domin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7682","article-title":"Cervical sonography in pregnant women with a prior cone biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure","volume":"36","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.118163","article-title":"Revisiting the short cervix detected by transvaginal ultrasound in the second trimester: why cerclage therapy may not help","volume":"185","author":"Rust","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5193","article-title":"Cervical length for prediction of preterm birth in women with multiple prior induced abortions","volume":"31","author":"Visintine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91469-2","article-title":"Cervical competence as a continuum: a study of ultrasonographic cervical length and obstetric performance","volume":"172","author":"Iams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0027","first-page":"3","article-title":"From concept to practice: the recent history of preterm delivery prevention","volume":"23","author":"Vidaeff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Part I: cervical competence. Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90149-5","article-title":"The sequelae of cervical trauma","volume":"120","author":"Lees","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0029","first-page":"25","article-title":"Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women","volume":"55","author":"Berger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80025-X","article-title":"Management of the diethylstilbestrol-exposed pregnant patient: a prospective study","volume":"157","author":"Ludmir","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-197805000-00026","article-title":"Incompetent cervix in a hormone-exposed offspring","volume":"51","author":"Singer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8905","article-title":"Biweekly ultrasound assessment of cervical shortening in triplet pregnancies and the effect of cerclage placement","volume":"37","author":"Moragianni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.11.025","article-title":"Can shortened midtrimester cervical length predict very early spontaneous preterm birth?","volume":"191","author":"Owen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211004","article-title":"Development of a scoring system for predicting the risk of preterm birth in women receiving cervical cerclage","volume":"23","author":"Odibo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007873.pub2","article-title":"Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth","author":"Abdel-Aleem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.03.010","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cervical scanning vs history to determine cerclage in women at high risk of preterm birth (CIRCLE trial)","volume":"200","author":"Simcox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1984.tb04841.x","article-title":"Multicentred controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at moderate risk of preterm delivery","volume":"91","author":"Lazar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1984.tb04840.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"91","author":"Rush","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008991.pub2","article-title":"Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy","author":"Alfirevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12635","article-title":"Cervical cerclage placed before 14 weeks gestation in women with one previous midtrimester loss: a population-based cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Harpham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.339","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for preterm delivery: a meta-analysis","volume":"189","author":"Leitich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.167","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: a meta-analysis","volume":"188","author":"Leitich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.05.011","article-title":"Vaginal pH versus cervical length in the mid-trimester as screening predictors of preterm labor in a low-risk population","volume":"111","author":"Matijevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0044","first-page":"17","article-title":"[Genital Mycoplasma as a risk factor of obstetric and perinatal pathology]","author":"Ankirskaia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vestn Akad Med Nauk SSSR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2006.002","article-title":"A sonographic short cervix as the only clinical manifestation of intra-amniotic infection","volume":"34","author":"Hassan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)32967-X","article-title":"Bacteriology of amniotic fluid in women with suspected cervical insufficiency","volume":"30","author":"Bujold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2010.040","article-title":"Detection of ureaplasmas by the polymerase chain reaction in the amniotic fluid of patients with cervical insufficiency","volume":"38","author":"Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91845-2","article-title":"Infection and labor. VII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in spontaneous rupture of membranes at term","volume":"166","author":"Romero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1095182","article-title":"Amniocentesis prior to physical exam-indicated cerclage in women with midtrimester cervical dilation: results from the expectant management compared to Physical Exam-indicated Cerclage international cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Airoldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1957.tb02650.x","article-title":"Suture of the cervix for inevitable miscarriage","volume":"64","author":"McDonald","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0051","first-page":"299","article-title":"A new method of operative treatment for habitual abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy","volume":"52","author":"Shirodkar","year":"1955","journal-title":"Antiseptic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0052","first-page":"691","volume":"2","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198606000-00007","article-title":"Operations for cervical incompetence","volume":"29","author":"Branch","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999520","article-title":"Cervical internal os cerclage: description of a new technique and comparison with Shirodkar operation","volume":"7","author":"Caspi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0055","first-page":"375","article-title":"A simplified approach to Shirodkar cerclage procedure","volume":"162","author":"Druzin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-958165","article-title":"Shirodkar versus McDonald cerclage for the prevention of preterm birth in women with short cervical length","volume":"24","author":"Odibo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0057","first-page":"543","article-title":"Comparison of success and morbidity in cervical cerclage procedures","volume":"56","author":"Harger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.10.782","article-title":"Effect of 2 stitches vs 1 stitch on the prevention of preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancies who undergo cervical cerclage","volume":"198","author":"Woensdregt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649e1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01250.x","article-title":"Cervical occlusion in women with cervical insufficiency: protocol for a randomised, controlled trial with cerclage, with and without cervical occlusion","volume":"114","author":"Secher","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0060","first-page":"704","article-title":"Wide-band transabdominal cerclage for a foreshortened, incompetent cervix","volume":"84","author":"Brodman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-006-0550-0","article-title":"Use of mesh cerclage in prevention of early preterm delivery: a promising new surgical method for women with dilated cervix and membrane herniation?","volume":"118","author":"Luznik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.1999.035","article-title":"Comparison of delayed absorbable suture v nonabsorbable suture for treatment of incompetent cervix","volume":"27","author":"Abdelhak","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32203","article-title":"Anesthesia for nonobstetric surgery in the pregnant patient","volume":"26","author":"Goodman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0064","series-title":"Anaesthesia for obstetrics and gynaecology","first-page":"109","article-title":"Regional analgesia and anaesthesia","author":"Paech","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610600719883","article-title":"Atosiban vs ritodrine used prophylactically with cerclage in ICSI pregnancies to prevent pre-term birth in women identified as being at high risk on the basis of transvaginal ultrasound scan","volume":"26","author":"Locci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.052","article-title":"Indomethacin administration at the time of ultrasound-indicated cerclage: is there an association with a reduction in spontaneous preterm birth?","volume":"198","author":"Visintine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32698-9","article-title":"Infectious complications of cervical cerclage","volume":"141","author":"Charles","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(88)90113-0","article-title":"Complications associated with genital colonization in pregnancies with and without cerclage","volume":"27","author":"Kessler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0069","first-page":"323","article-title":"Continuous low-dose antibiotics and cerclage for recurrent second-trimester pregnancy loss","volume":"45","author":"Shiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46455-1","article-title":"Early therapy for the incompetent cervix in patients with habitual abortion","volume":"38","author":"Ayers","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0071","first-page":"1","article-title":"The influence of progesterone treatment on the course and outcome of pregnancies following suture of the cervix for cervical incompetence","volume":"8","author":"Zakut","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064935","article-title":"The use of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17p) in women with cervical cerclage","volume":"25","author":"Rebarber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.02.019","article-title":"17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of preterm birth in women with prior preterm birth and a short cervical length","volume":"202","author":"Berghella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1272967","article-title":"The effect of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on preterm birth in women with an ultrasound-indicated cerclage","volume":"28","author":"Rafael","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.10.034","article-title":"Intrapartum cervical lacerations: characteristics, risk factors, and effects on subsequent pregnancies","volume":"200","author":"Melamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.11.043","article-title":"Cervical lacerations: some surprising facts","volume":"196","author":"Parikh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820afaf2","article-title":"Characteristics associated with severe perineal and cervical lacerations during vaginal delivery","volume":"117","author":"Landy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0078","first-page":"385","article-title":"[Treatment of segmental cervical incompetence in pregnancy. Surgical indications, technic and results of 128 cervical cerclage operations]","volume":"33","author":"Bonfadini Bossi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01515.x","article-title":"Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing pregnancy loss: individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0080","first-page":"39","article-title":"The efficacy of cervical cerclage","volume":"39","author":"Bassaw","year":"1990","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0081","first-page":"168","article-title":"The effect of cervical cerclage on the course of labor","volume":"76","author":"Weissman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2000.061","article-title":"Management of cervical cerclage at term: remove the suture in labor?","volume":"28","author":"Abdelhak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0083","first-page":"117","article-title":"Change in cervical length after prophylactic cerclage","volume":"94","author":"Funai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70164-3","article-title":"The significance of transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the cervix in women treated with emergency cerclage","volume":"175","author":"Guzman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70215-2","article-title":"The effect of therapeutic McDonald cerclage on cervical length as assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography","volume":"180","author":"Althuisius","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0086","first-page":"346","article-title":"Change in cervical length after cerclage as a predictor of preterm delivery","volume":"96","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90044-2","article-title":"Prediction of cervical cerclage outcome by endovaginal ultrasonography","volume":"171","author":"Andersen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.06.076","article-title":"Short cervical length after history-indicated cerclage: is a reinforcing cerclage beneficial?","volume":"193","author":"Baxter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1998.tb02952.x","article-title":"Serial transvaginal ultrasonography following McDonald cerclage and repeat suture insertion","volume":"38","author":"Fox","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02137.x","article-title":"Fetal fibronectin as a predictor of spontaneous preterm labour in asymptomatic women with a cervical cerclage","volume":"116","author":"Duhig","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.109039","article-title":"Timing of cerclage removal after preterm premature rupture of membranes: maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"183","author":"Jenkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0092","first-page":"823","article-title":"Poor perinatal outcome associated with retained cerclage in patients with premature rupture of membranes","volume":"84","author":"Ludmir","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108870","article-title":"Management of cervical cerclage and preterm premature rupture of the membranes: should the stitch be removed?","volume":"183","author":"McElrath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e318217d530","article-title":"Cervical cerclage and preterm PROM","volume":"54","author":"Giraldo-Isaza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01385.x","article-title":"Use of C-reactive protein as a predictor of chorioamnionitis in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: a systematic review","volume":"114","author":"Trochez-Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440500068321","article-title":"Maternal C-reactive protein for detection of chorioamnionitis: an appraisal","volume":"13","author":"Wiwanitkit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0097","first-page":"951","article-title":"[Cerclage by the abdominal route]","volume":"16","author":"Friedli","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgyn.2006.11.003","article-title":"[Transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclage in the management of cervical incompetence in high risk women]","volume":"36","author":"Gesson-Paute","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0099","first-page":"145","article-title":"Transabdominal cervico uterine cerclage during pregnancy for the treatment of cervical incompetency","volume":"25","author":"Benson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126959","article-title":"Abdominal versus vaginal cerclage after a failed transvaginal cerclage: a systematic review","volume":"187","author":"Zaveri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108837","article-title":"Patients with a prior failed transvaginal cerclage: a comparison of obstetric outcomes with either transabdominal or transvaginal cerclage","volume":"183","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000206817.97328.cd","article-title":"Outcome after transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage","volume":"107","author":"Lotgering","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-986680","article-title":"Management of pregnancy after radical trachelectomy: case reports and systematic review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Jolley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2008.02.018","article-title":"[How I perform... a laparoscopic transabdominal isthmic cerclage]","volume":"36","author":"Dubuisson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.05.033","article-title":"Abdominal cerclage for the treatment of recurrent cervical insufficiency: laparoscopy or laparotomy?","volume":"201","author":"Carter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2008.05.002","article-title":"Conservative surgery for carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"20","author":"Shepherd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1159\/000264484","article-title":"Emergency cervical cerclage after 20 weeks\u2019 gestation: a retrospective study of 6 years\u2019 practice in 34 cases","volume":"12","author":"Benifla","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0108","first-page":"166","article-title":"Cervical cerclage operation for a dilated cervix","volume":"57","author":"Olatunbosun","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0109","first-page":"301","article-title":"[Aggressive management of prolapsed fetal membranes earlier than 26 weeks\u2019 gestation by emergent McDonald cerclage combined with amniocentesis and bladder overfilling]","volume":"46","author":"Ochi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0110","first-page":"652","article-title":"Amniocentesis for selection before rescue cerclage","volume":"95","author":"Mays","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00718-X","article-title":"Cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial: emergency cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone","volume":"189","author":"Althuisius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187896.04535.e6","article-title":"Management of cervical insufficiency and bulging fetal membranes","volume":"107","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.11.009","article-title":"Emergency cerclage versus bed rest for amniotic sac prolapse before 27 gestational weeks. A retrospective, comparative study of 161 women","volume":"139","author":"Stupin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0114","first-page":"235","article-title":"Obstetric management of incompetent cervix and bulging fetal membranes","volume":"41","author":"Schorr","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0115","first-page":"170","article-title":"Emergency cerclage compared with bed rest for advanced cervical dilatation in pregnancy","volume":"80","author":"Olatunbosun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000293093","article-title":"A simple scoring system for the treatment of cervical incompetence diagnosed during the second trimester","volume":"31","author":"Kokia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0117","first-page":"565","article-title":"Factors associated with success of emergent second-trimester cerclage","volume":"101","author":"Terkildsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2016.01.003","article-title":"Predictors of outcomes of non-elective cervical cerclages","volume":"38","author":"Jalal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0119","first-page":"243","article-title":"Balloon replacement of fetal membranes to facilitate emergency cervical cerclage","volume":"98","author":"Tsatsaris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.10.588","article-title":"Proteomic biomarkers that predict the clinical success of rescue cerclage","volume":"192","author":"Weiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993839","article-title":"Amnioreduction in emergency cerclage with prolapsed membranes: comparison of two methods for reducing the membranes","volume":"16","author":"Locatelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1999.tb03361.x","article-title":"Emergency cervical cerclage. Is there a role for amnioreduction?","volume":"39","author":"Cerqui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2004.026","article-title":"Amnioreduction in patients with bulging prolapsed membranes out of the cervix and vaginal orifice in cervical cerclage","volume":"32","author":"Makino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0124","first-page":"220","article-title":"[Our experiences with Mayer-Ringpessary in the prevention of premature labor (author's transl)]","volume":"99","author":"Jiratko","year":"1977","journal-title":"Zentralbl Gynakol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1026276","article-title":"[The Arabin cerclage pessary\u2013an alternative to surgical cerclage]","volume":"50","author":"Quaas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994664","article-title":"Successful treatment with the Smith-Hodge pessary of cervical incompetence due to defective connective tissue in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Leduc","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200007000-00023","article-title":"Pessaries for the treatment of incompetent cervix and premature delivery","volume":"55","author":"Newcomer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2003.017","article-title":"Is treatment with vaginal pessaries an option in patients with a sonographically detected short cervix?","volume":"31","author":"Arabin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-005-0082-2","article-title":"Noninvasive cerclage for the management of cervical incompetence: a prospective study","volume":"273","author":"Acharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.06.008","article-title":"Alternative treatment for a short cervix: the cervical pessary","volume":"33","author":"Dharan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0131","first-page":"105","article-title":"[Herbich cervical pessary\u2013method of therapy for cervical incompetence and prophylaxis of prematurity]","volume":"57","author":"Grzonka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3109\/14767051003678093","article-title":"Pessary use for the treatment of cervical incompetence and prevention of preterm labour","volume":"23","author":"Kimber-Trojnar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60030-0","article-title":"Cervical pessary in pregnant women with a short cervix (PECEP): an open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Goya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.051","article-title":"Cervical pessary placement for prevention of preterm birth in unselected twin pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"214","author":"Nicolaides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124289","article-title":"Patients with prior second-trimester loss: prophylactic cerclage or serial transvaginal sonograms?","volume":"187","author":"Berghella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00673.x","article-title":"Elective cerclage vs. ultrasound-indicated cerclage in high-risk pregnancies","volume":"19","author":"To","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003581.pub2","article-title":"Bed rest in singleton pregnancies for preventing preterm birth","author":"Sosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.1.2048542","article-title":"Sonography of the cervix during the third trimester of pregnancy: value of the transperineal approach","volume":"157","author":"Hertzberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70560-X","article-title":"The natural history of a positive response to transfundal pressure in women at risk for cervical incompetence","volume":"176","author":"Guzman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70161-3","article-title":"A comparison of ultrasonographically detected cervical changes in response to transfundal pressure, coughing, and standing in predicting cervical incompetence","volume":"177","author":"Guzman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0141","first-page":"248","article-title":"A new method using vaginal ultrasound and transfundal pressure to evaluate the asymptomatic incompetent cervix","volume":"83","author":"Guzman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7547","article-title":"Effectiveness of cerclage according to severity of cervical length shortening: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Berghella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.029","article-title":"Cervical length < or\u202f=\u202f25 mm in low-risk women: a case control study of cerclage with rest vs rest alone","volume":"197","author":"Incerti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16351-4","article-title":"Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm delivery in women with short cervix: randomised controlled trial","volume":"363","author":"To","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000168435.17200.53","article-title":"Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography: meta-analysis of trials using individual patient-level data","volume":"106","author":"Berghella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820ca847","article-title":"Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous preterm birth: a meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Berghella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12050318.x","article-title":"Cervical length at 23 weeks of gestation: the value of Shirodkar suture for the short cervix","volume":"12","author":"Heath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200333","article-title":"Short cervical length by ultrasound and cerclage","volume":"20","author":"Hibbard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.08.015","article-title":"Multicenter randomized trial of cerclage for preterm birth prevention in high-risk women with shortened midtrimester cervical length","volume":"201","author":"Owen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.083","article-title":"A randomized trial of cerclage vs. 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for treatment of short cervix","volume":"37","author":"Keeler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9017","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Hassan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.12.003","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data","volume":"206","author":"Romero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)32716-5","article-title":"The use of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth","volume":"30","author":"Farine","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000299484","article-title":"Elective cervical suture of twin pregnancies diagnosed ultrasonically in the first trimester following induced ovulation","volume":"13","author":"Dor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00087.x","article-title":"Prediction of preterm birth by second trimester cervical sonography in twin pregnancies","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122126","article-title":"Effect of cerclage on obstetrical outcome in twin gestations with a shortened cervical length","volume":"186","author":"Newman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1993.03030209.x","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome at 9 weeks\u2019 gestation","volume":"3","author":"Zucchini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.031","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound-indicated cerclage in twin pregnancies","volume":"212","author":"Roman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15918","article-title":"Cervical cerclage for preterm birth prevention in twin gestation with short cervix: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Houlihan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12600","article-title":"Cerclage for short cervix in twin pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials using individual patient-level data","volume":"94","author":"Saccone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1330324","article-title":"Management of twin-twin transfusion syndrome with an extremely short cervix","volume":"38","author":"Aboudiab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216318306492?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216318306492?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:32:15Z","timestamp":1761665535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1701216318306492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1701216318306492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1701-2163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1701-2163","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"No. 373-Cervical Insufficiency and Cervical Cerclage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2018 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada\/La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des obst\u00e9triciens et gyn\u00e9cologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}