{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:20:28Z","timestamp":1792635628638,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jogc.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T03:10:51Z","timestamp":1631070651000},"page":"1301-1307.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Guideline No. 422b: Menopause and Genitourinary Health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Shawna","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Wolfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001138","article-title":"The role of androgens in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (gsm): International society for the study of women's sexual health (isswsh) expert consensus panel review","volume":"25","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2014.946279","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: New terminology for vulvovaginal atrophy from the international society for the study of women's sexual health and the north american menopause society","volume":"17","author":"Portman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Climacteric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001609","article-title":"The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of the north american menopause society","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00232-1","article-title":"Estrogen levels and estrogen receptors in patients with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"80","author":"Lang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.17","article-title":"Multidisciplinary overview of vaginal atrophy and associated genitourinary symptoms in postmenopausal women","volume":"1","author":"Goldstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000380","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"61","author":"Shifren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001260","article-title":"The burden of vulvovaginal atrophy on women's daily living: Implications on quality of life from a face-to-face real-life survey","volume":"26","author":"Nappi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1446930","article-title":"The european vulvovaginal epidemiological survey (eves): Prevalence, symptoms and impact of vulvovaginal atrophy of menopause","volume":"21","author":"Palacios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12235","article-title":"The closer (clarifying vaginal atrophy's impact on sex and relationships) survey: Implications of vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women and in male partners","volume":"10","author":"Nappi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2011.52.12.801","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women","volume":"52","author":"Raz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330400041022","article-title":"Vaginal atrophy in the postmenopausal woman. The importance of sexual activity and hormones","volume":"249","author":"Leiblum","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.05.004","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and age of menopause: A large prospective study","volume":"72","author":"Hayatbakhsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.03.008","article-title":"Emas position statement: Predictors of premature and early natural menopause","volume":"123","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1756-5","article-title":"Impact of surgically induced weight loss on pelvic floor disorders","volume":"23","author":"Whitcomb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.03.014","article-title":"Parabens and their effects on the endocrine system","volume":"474","author":"Nowak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2015.1124259","article-title":"Treating vulvovaginal atrophy\/genitourinary syndrome of menopause: How important is vaginal lubricant and moisturizer composition?","volume":"19","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0116","article-title":"Efficacy of vaginal estradiol or vaginal moisturizer vs placebo for treating postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"178","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.03.002","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training as a treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A single-arm feasibility study","volume":"125","author":"Mercier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0019","first-page":"722","article-title":"Meta-analysis of estrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: Second report of the hormones and urogenital therapy committee","volume":"92","author":"Cardozo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0020","first-page":"222","article-title":"Sogc clinical practice guidelines. The detection and management of vaginal atrophy. Number 145, may 2004","volume":"88","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001500.pub2","article-title":"Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women","author":"Suckling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000244","article-title":"Pharmacological agents to decrease new episodes of recurrent lower urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Duenas-Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1086\/318842","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy or prophylaxis in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"183","author":"Raz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309093291102","article-title":"A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"329","author":"Raz","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70597-1","article-title":"A randomized, open, parallel-group study on the preventive effect of an estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (estring) on recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women","volume":"180","author":"Eriksen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000786","article-title":"The rejoice trial: A phase 3 randomized, controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of a novel vaginal estradiol soft-gel capsule for symptomatic vulvar and vaginal atrophy","volume":"24","author":"Constantine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09741.x","article-title":"A comparative study of safety and efficacy of continuous low dose oestradiol released from a vaginal ring compared with conjugated equine oestrogen vaginal cream in the treatment of postmenopausal urogenital atrophy","volume":"103","author":"Ayton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001284","article-title":"Vaginal estrogen use and chronic disease risk in the nurses' health study","volume":"26","author":"Bhupathiraju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001315","article-title":"Endometrial safety of low-dose vaginal estrogens in menopausal women: A systematic evidence review","volume":"26","author":"Constantine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3109\/09513591003632258","article-title":"Low-dose vaginal estrogens or vaginal moisturizer in breast cancer survivors with urogenital atrophy: A preliminary study","volume":"26","author":"Biglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2198-y","article-title":"Local estrogen therapy and risk of breast cancer recurrence among hormone-treated patients: A nested case-control study","volume":"135","author":"Le Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C113","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90116-A","article-title":"Intracrinology","volume":"78","author":"Labrie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000428","article-title":"Treatment of pain at sexual activity (dyspareunia) with intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone)","volume":"22","author":"Archer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000571","article-title":"Efficacy of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) on moderate to severe dyspareunia and vaginal dryness, symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, and of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"23","author":"Labrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000275","article-title":"Endometrial safety of ospemifene: Results of the phase 2\/3 clinical development program","volume":"22","author":"Constantine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2014.954996","article-title":"Female sexual function improved with ospemifene in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Constantine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369116633017","article-title":"The concomitant use of fesoterodine and topical vaginal estrogen in the management of overactive bladder and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Chughtai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Post Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.06.032","article-title":"353-treatments for overactive bladder: Focus on pharmacotherapy - an addendum","volume":"39","author":"No","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.11.005","article-title":"283-treatments for overactive bladder: Focus on pharmacotherapy","volume":"40","author":"No","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.01.012","article-title":"Laser therapy for the restoration of vaginal function","volume":"99","author":"Gambacciani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000839","article-title":"Use of a novel fractional co2 laser for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: 1-year outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Sokol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3844-7","article-title":"The use of laser in urogynaecology","volume":"30","author":"Bhide","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000955","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for evaluating the efficacy of fractional co2 laser compared with topical estriol in the treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women","volume":"25","author":"Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001416","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing vaginal laser therapy to vaginal estrogen therapy in women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: The velvet trial","volume":"27","author":"Paraiso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3352-1","article-title":"Long-term effect of thermoablative fractional co2 laser treatment as a novel approach to urinary incontinence management in women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"29","author":"Gonzalez Isaza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2019.04.007","article-title":"The impact of vaginal laser treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2020.1774536","article-title":"Lasers in the era of evidence-based medicine","volume":"23","author":"Hillard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Climacteric"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216321006897?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216321006897?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:40:10Z","timestamp":1761666010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1701216321006897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1701216321006897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1701-2163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1701-2163","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Guideline No. 422b: Menopause and Genitourinary Health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.09.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada\/La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des obst\u00e9triciens et gyn\u00e9cologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}