{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:50:36Z","timestamp":1780469436238,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000190","name":"University of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAN $500 000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAN $500 000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008572","name":"University of Ottawa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002977","name":"Dalhousie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009874","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004381","name":"Western University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005242","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007867","name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005247","name":"University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jogc.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T13:57:16Z","timestamp":1652795836000},"page":"960-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Survey of Mode of Delivery and Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. Anthony","family":"Armson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Attenborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Heaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Charles","family":"Pasquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reg","family":"Sauve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Von Dadelszen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoo K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Andruschak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryll","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenny","family":"Der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Vida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrine","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee-Ann","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bedard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Sprague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryse","family":"Berthiaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Attenborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Fahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Bocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Bottomley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bujold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Christilaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Dodds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Donner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susie","family":"Dzakpasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Forson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.S.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"LaFrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Lemay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Moutquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Nimrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Wu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Gulmezoghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343","article-title":"The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014","volume":"11","author":"Betr\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13526","article-title":"WHO statement on caesarean section rates","volume":"123","author":"Betran","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15553","article-title":"Relationship between cesarean delivery rate and maternal and neonatal mortality","volume":"314","author":"Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib5","first-page":"791","article-title":"Changes in maternal characteristics and obstetric practice and recent increases in primary cesarean delivery","volume":"102","author":"Joseph","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-106","article-title":"Contribution of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain to caesarean birth in canada","volume":"14","author":"Dzakpasu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.12.009","article-title":"No. 361-caesarean delivery on maternal request","volume":"40","author":"Alsayegh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02840-3","article-title":"Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group","volume":"356","author":"Hannah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.10.020","article-title":"No. 381-assisted vaginal birth","volume":"41","author":"Hobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68704-7","article-title":"Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal\u00a0and\u00a0perinatal health in Latin America","volume":"367","author":"Villar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31930-5","article-title":"Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children","volume":"392","author":"Sandall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.007","article-title":"Mode of delivery and problems in subsequent births: a register-based study from finland","volume":"193","author":"Hemminki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039842","article-title":"Methodological considerations in implementing the WHO global survey for monitoring maternal and perinatal health","volume":"86","author":"Shah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.08.013","article-title":"Cesarean delivery outcomes from the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in africa","volume":"107","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61870-5","article-title":"Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007-08","volume":"375","author":"Lumbiganon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31928-7","article-title":"Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections","volume":"392","author":"Boerma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e260","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)70094-X","article-title":"Use of the Robson classification\u00a0to assess caesarean section trends in 21 countries: a secondary analysis of\u00a0two WHO multicountry surveys","volume":"3","author":"Vogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.11.008","article-title":"No. 382-trial of labour after caesarean","volume":"41","author":"Dy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34301-8","article-title":"The attitudes of Canadian maternity care practitioners towards labour and birth: many differences but important similarities","volume":"31","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32113-5","article-title":"FIGO position paper: how to stop the caesarean section epidemic","volume":"392","author":"Visser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30934-8","article-title":"Preventable obstetrical interventions: how many caesarean sections can be prevented in Canada?","volume":"35","author":"Rossignol","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30645-4","article-title":"Recent trends in caesarean delivery rates and indications for caesarean delivery in Canada","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060870","article-title":"Maternal mortality and severe morbidity associated with low-risk planned cesarean delivery versus planned vaginal delivery at term","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802108763","article-title":"Severe maternal morbidity and the mode of delivery","volume":"87","author":"Pallasmaa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9748","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46153-4","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes of women with previous caesarean sections: secondary analysis of World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health","volume":"9","author":"Kietpeerakool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.026","article-title":"Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery","volume":"210","author":"Caughey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31927-5","article-title":"Interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections in healthy women and babies","volume":"392","author":"Betr\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407120","article-title":"A\u00a0cluster-randomized trial to reduce cesarean delivery rates in Quebec","volume":"372","author":"Chaillet","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216322003619?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216322003619?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:40:33Z","timestamp":1761666033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1701216322003619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1701216322003619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1701-2163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1701-2163","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Survey of Mode of Delivery and Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Canada","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2022.04.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada\/La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des obst\u00e9triciens et gyn\u00e9cologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}