{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:45:31Z","timestamp":1791909931640,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jogc.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T16:40:09Z","timestamp":1773765609000},"page":"103272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Technical Update No. 467: Progesterone for Previous Spontaneous Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Venu","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah D.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Farine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2019.04.012","article-title":"Guideline no. 398: Progesterone for prevention of spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"42","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000867","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: The story of the pregnant trial","volume":"67","author":"Romero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.12.1591","article-title":"Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery","volume":"283","author":"Adams","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.022","article-title":"Recurrence of spontaneous versus medically indicated preterm birth","volume":"195","author":"Ananth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.04.023","article-title":"Does vaginal progesterone prevent recurrent preterm birth in women with a singleton gestation and a history of spontaneous preterm birth? Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"227","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.054","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone does not prevent recurrent preterm birth in women with a singleton gestation, a history of spontaneous preterm birth, and a midtrimester cervical length >25 mm","volume":"227","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.02.047","article-title":"Perinatal and neonatal outcomes of high-risk asymptomatic women from a specialist preterm birth surveillance clinic","volume":"296","author":"Creswell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.09.003","article-title":"Preterm birth prevention","volume":"69","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318184181a","article-title":"Estimating recurrence of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"112","author":"Esplin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.04.023","article-title":"Role of progesterone, cerclage and pessary in preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"261","author":"D'Antonio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101116","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"5","author":"Berghella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.08.006","article-title":"Efficacy of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth","volume":"52","author":"Sykes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.531319","article-title":"Opinion & hypothesis could early aspirin prophylaxis prevent against preterm birth?","volume":"24","author":"Bujold","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2025.2547687","article-title":"Predicting and preventing preterm birth in europe: Current challenges and gaps","volume":"38","author":"Di Renzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.44454","article-title":"Midpregnancy placental growth factor screening and early preterm birth","volume":"7","author":"Gladstone","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-064547","article-title":"Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy who are at high risk: Systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"376","author":"Care","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2022-0462","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth: Who can benefit and who cannot? Evidence-based recommendations for clinical use","volume":"51","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.05.010","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in twin gestations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"229","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pregnant populations which benefit from vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth at <34 weeks and neonatal morbidities: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101571","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone for prevention of preterm birth in women with a history of preterm birth regardless of cervical length: An argument against use","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib21","article-title":"Progesterone, cerclage, pessary, or acetylsalicylic acid for prevention of preterm birth in singleton and multifetal pregnancies - a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"10","author":"Wennerholm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00217-8","article-title":"Evaluating progestogens for preventing preterm birth international collaborative (EPPIC): Meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials","volume":"397","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.06.050","article-title":"Early vaginal progesterone versus placebo in twin pregnancies for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: A randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"224","author":"Rehal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000822","article-title":"Screening and prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies","volume":"66","author":"Roman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2024.102618","article-title":"Guideline no. 452: Diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Hobson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2081-2573","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone is associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Tsur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16582","article-title":"The long-term effect of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development, behaviour and health: A systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Simons","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.09.019","article-title":"No. 374-universal cervical length screening","volume":"41","author":"Butt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.020","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening in singletons without a prior preterm birth: An update","volume":"213","author":"Werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101313","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of universal routine sonographic cervical-length measurement at 19 to 25 weeks' gestation","volume":"6","author":"Leshno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14683","article-title":"Universal cervical length screening for preterm birth is not useful after 24 weeks of gestation","volume":"102","author":"Seravalli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06882-w","article-title":"Screening vs. No screening for preterm delivery in low-risk singleton pregnancies: Comparison by propensity score analysis","volume":"309","author":"Souka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24884","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cervical length screening and progesterone treatment to prevent spontaneous preterm delivery in sweden","volume":"59","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.046","article-title":"The introduction of a universal transvaginal cervical length screening program is associated with a reduced preterm birth rate","volume":"228","author":"Figarella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2019.06.002","article-title":"Guideline no. 401: Sonographic cervical length in singleton pregnancies: Techniques and clinical applications","volume":"42","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.29220","article-title":"Prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy: International delphi consensus","volume":"65","author":"Mustafa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13592","article-title":"The clinical utility of ongoing sonographic cervix length surveillance in pregnancies prescribed vaginal progesterone therapy","volume":"63","author":"Ninkov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2025.101756","article-title":"Cerclage for short cervix \u226420 mm before 24 weeks in singleton gestations without prior spontaneous preterm birth decreases preterm birth: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using individual patient-level data","volume":"7","author":"Berghella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9878","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2065193","article-title":"Cerclage versus vaginal progesterone in low-risk pregnant women with a short cervix","volume":"35","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1414795","article-title":"Cervical pessaries for the prevention of preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.06.011","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin is associated with reduced spontaneous preterm birth in nulliparous women","volume":"219","author":"Andrikopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1226-6599","article-title":"Spontaneous preterm birth: Is prevention with aspirin possible?","volume":"81","author":"Berger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib43","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin and racial disparities in spontaneous preterm delivery in low-risk individuals","volume":"3","author":"Kane","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJOG Glob Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17673","article-title":"First-trimester prediction of preterm pre-eclampsia and prophylaxis by aspirin: Effect on spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth","volume":"131","author":"Nicolaides","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216326000745?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1701216326000745?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:49:17Z","timestamp":1791906557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1701216326000745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1701216326000745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1701-2163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1701-2163","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Technical Update No. 467: Progesterone for Previous Spontaneous Preterm Birth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2026.103272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada\/La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des obst\u00e9triciens et gyn\u00e9cologues du Canada.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103272"}}