{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:33:11Z","timestamp":1791477191498,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":369,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","jognn.awhonn.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:47:29Z","timestamp":1668473249000},"page":"36-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Racial Disparities in Respectful Maternity Care During Pregnancy and Birth After Cesarean in Rural United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget","family":"Basile Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy Backes","family":"Kozhimannil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib1","author":"Adams"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib2","author":"American College of Nurse-Midwives"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003078","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 205: Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery","volume":"133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003074","article-title":"Approaches to limit intervention during labor and birth: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 766","volume":"133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.05.008","article-title":"Declined care and discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization","volume":"232","author":"Attanasio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7270","article-title":"Correlates of trial of labor and vaginal birth after cesarean in the United States","volume":"28","author":"Attanasio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.9.1491","article-title":"Perinatal and infant health among rural and urban American Indians\/Alaska Natives","volume":"92","author":"Baldwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-83","article-title":"A\u00a0survey of access to trial of labor in California hospitals in 2012","volume":"13","author":"Barger","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children9071077","article-title":"Inequities in availability of evidence-based birth supports to improve perinatal health for socially vulnerable rural residents","volume":"9","author":"Basile Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13269","article-title":"Experiences of quality perinatal care during the U.S. Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"66","author":"Basile Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-03066-3","article-title":"Demographic, socioeconomic, health systems, and geographic factors associated with vaginal birth after cesarean: An analysis of 2017 U.S. birth certificate data","volume":"25","author":"Basile Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13083","article-title":"Women\u2019s perceptions of barriers and facilitators to vaginal birth after cesarean in the United States: An integrative review","volume":"65","author":"Basile Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery & Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12513","article-title":"\u201cI had to fight for my VBAC\u201d: A mixed methods exploration of women\u2019s experiences of pregnancy and vaginal birth after cesarean in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Basile Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib14","author":"Basile Ibrahim"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib15","article-title":"Validation of Canadian mothers\u2019 recall of events in labour and delivery with electronic health records","volume":"13","author":"Bat-Erdene","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000697","article-title":"Infant mortality is higher in rural counties","volume":"46","author":"Beal","year":"2021","journal-title":"MCN. The American Journal of Maternal\/Child Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251174","article-title":"Race and other sociodemographic categories are differentially linked to multiple dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination: Implications for intersectional, health research","volume":"16","author":"Beatty Moody","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0210-8","article-title":"Patient\u2013provider and patient\u2013staff racial concordance and perceptions of mistreatment in the health care setting","volume":"22","author":"Blanchard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12288","article-title":"Perspectives on risk: Assessment of risk profiles and outcomes among women planning community birth in the United States","volume":"44","author":"Bovbjerg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12172","article-title":"Outcomes of care for 16,924 planned home births in the United States: The Midwives Alliance of North America statistics project, 2004 to 2009","volume":"59","author":"Cheyney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12188","article-title":"Planned home VBAC in the United States, 2004\u20132009: Outcomes, maternity care practices, and implications for shared decision making","volume":"42","author":"Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8882","article-title":"Social and structural determinants of health inequities in maternal health","volume":"30","author":"Crear-Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib24","author":"Crear-Perry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.1241","article-title":"Women in the United States experience high rates of coverage \u201cchurn\u201d in months before and after childbirth","volume":"36","author":"Daw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.23.1.9","article-title":"Major survey findings of Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and birth","volume":"23","author":"Declercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib27","first-page":"85","article-title":"Women\u2019s motivations for \u201cchoosing\u201d unassisted childbirth: A compromise of ideals and structural barriers","volume":"20","author":"Diamond-Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine Advances in Medical Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00852-6","article-title":"Routine healthcare utilization among reproductive-age women residing in a rural maternity care desert","volume":"46","author":"Dipietro Mager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987119880234","article-title":"An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research","volume":"25","author":"Doyle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib30","author":"Ely"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.04.008","article-title":"Exploring the social determinants of racial\/ethnic disparities in prenatal care utilization and maternal outcome","volume":"41","author":"Gadson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21194","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913405117","article-title":"Physician-patient racial concordance and disparities in birthing mortality for newborns","volume":"117","author":"Greenwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.22.1.49","article-title":"Impact of doulas on healthy birth outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Gruber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-147","article-title":"Distance matters: A population based study examining access to maternity services for rural women","volume":"11","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib36","author":"Guise"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib37","article-title":"Early elective delivery and vaginal birth after cesarean in rural U.S. maternity hospitals","volume":"16","author":"Heinrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rural and Remote Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2017.01.010","article-title":"The maternity care nurse workforce in rural U.S. hospitals","volume":"46","author":"Henning-Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00847","article-title":"Rural counties with majority Black or Indigenous populations suffer the highest rates of premature death in the US","volume":"38","author":"Henning-Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib40","first-page":"27","article-title":"Legislative gaps in addressing rural women\u2019s access to obstetric care in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Higgins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Policy Perspectives"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0338","article-title":"Access to obstetric services in rural counties still declining, with 9 percent losing services, 2004\u201314","volume":"36","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12441","article-title":"Why are obstetric units in rural hospitals closing their doors?","volume":"51","author":"Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib45","unstructured":"International Cesarean Awareness Network. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICANonline\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","article-title":"Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Keag","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12504","article-title":"The role of midwifery and other international insights for maternity care in the United States: An analysis of four countries","volume":"47","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.03.004","article-title":"Nonclinical factors affecting women\u2019s access to trial of labor after cesarean delivery","volume":"38","author":"Korst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics in Perinatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13201","article-title":"Certified nurse-midwives in rural Kansas hospitals: A survey of senior hospital administrators","volume":"66","author":"Koschwanez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery & Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030","article-title":"Location of childbirth for rural women: Implications for maternal levels of care","volume":"214","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12213","article-title":"Coverage for doula services: How state Medicaid programs can address concerns about maternity care costs and quality","volume":"43","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2018.0004","article-title":"Racism and health in rural America","volume":"29","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2016.02.001","article-title":"Ensuring access to high-quality maternity care in rural America","volume":"26","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.8","article-title":"Factors associated with high-risk rural women giving birth in non-NICU hospital settings","volume":"36","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1830","article-title":"Association between loss of hospital-based obstetric services and birth outcomes in rural counties in the United States","volume":"319","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000016","article-title":"Rural-urban differences in obstetric care, 2002\u20132010, and implications for the future","volume":"52","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00805","article-title":"Rural-urban differences in severe maternal morbidity and mortality in the US, 2007\u201315","volume":"38","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003647","article-title":"Severe maternal morbidity and mortality among indigenous women in the United States","volume":"135","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib59","first-page":"1881","article-title":"Changes in hospital-based obstetric services in rural US Counties, 2014\u20132018","volume":"323","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib60","first-page":"e125","article-title":"Trends in hospital-based childbirth care: The role of health insurance","volume":"19","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304.E1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.08.042","article-title":"Geographic access to obstetric critical\u00a0care for women of reproductive age by race and ethnicity","volume":"224","author":"Kroelinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675158","article-title":"Implementation and impact of a maternal-fetal medicine telemedicine program","volume":"36","author":"Leighton","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib64","author":"Martin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib65","article-title":"Validity and reliability of maternal recall of pregnancy history and service use among signing Deaf women: A cross-sectional\u00a0descriptive study from South Africa","volume":"8","author":"Marx","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.11606\/S1518-8787.2017051000389","article-title":"Maternal complications and cesarean section without indication: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Mascarello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2005.01496.x","article-title":"Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC): Exploring women\u2019s perceptions","volume":"16","author":"Meddings","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib72","article-title":"Births: Final data for 2020","volume":"70","author":"Osterman","year":"2022","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib73","author":"Platt"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2018.04.170376","article-title":"Obstetric care by family physicians and infant mortality in rural Alabama","volume":"31","author":"Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000101","article-title":"Vaginal birth after cesarean: An effective method to reduce cesarean","volume":"58","author":"Sabol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1194-5","article-title":"\u201cYou learn to go last\u201d: Perceptions of prenatal care experiences among African-American women with limited incomes","volume":"17","author":"Salm Ward","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib77","first-page":"444","article-title":"Vaginal birth after cesarean section: A comparison of rural and metropolitan rates in Oklahoma","volume":"90","author":"Sieck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.444","article-title":"Trends and social inequalities in maternal mortality in the United States, 1969-2018","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0729-2","article-title":"The Giving Voice to Mothers study: Inequity and mistreatment during pregnancy and childbirth in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Vedam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192523","article-title":"Mapping integration of midwives across the United States: Impact on access, equity, and outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Vedam","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171804","article-title":"The Mother\u2019s Autonomy in Decision Making (MADM) scale: Patient-led development and psychometric testing of a new instrument to evaluate experience of maternity care","volume":"12","author":"Vedam","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.01.005","article-title":"The Mothers on Respect (MOR) index: Measuring quality, safety,\u00a0and human rights in childbirth","volume":"3","author":"Vedam","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2020.09.004","article-title":"Maternity care deserts and pregnancy-associated mortality in Louisiana","volume":"31","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12563","article-title":"Access to maternity and prenatal care services in rural Michigan","volume":"48","author":"Wendling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Birth"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0884217522003495?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0884217522003495?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:09:22Z","timestamp":1760126962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0884217522003495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0884217522003495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-2175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-2175","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial Disparities in Respectful Maternity Care During Pregnancy and Birth After Cesarean in Rural United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}