{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T11:00:07Z","timestamp":1775991607951,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Integrative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T22:58:35Z","timestamp":1766876315000},"page":"174-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of auriculotherapy for insomnia disorder: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi-fen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi-chun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue-song","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu-xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-cha","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele Dias","family":"da Silva Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Assis","family":"de Barros Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-fen","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC33","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202103160","article-title":"Insomnia","volume":"174","author":"Sutton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0010","series-title":"Sleep disorder","author":"Karna","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782","article-title":"Incidence, persistence, and remission rates of insomnia over 5 years","volume":"3","author":"Morin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11927","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62675-y","article-title":"Chronic insomnia, high trait anxiety and their comorbidity as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Duquenne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10357","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00879-0","article-title":"Insomnia","volume":"400","author":"Perlis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2016.10.012","article-title":"Sleep, health, and society","volume":"12","author":"Grandner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.034","article-title":"Efficacy of intradermal acupuncture for insomnia: a meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0040","first-page":"560","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in Chinese adults (version 2023)","volume":"57","author":"Sleep Disorder Group of Neurology Branch of Chinese Medical Association","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shen Jing Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101892","article-title":"Acupuncture for primary insomnia: effectiveness, safety, mechanisms and recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"74","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101911","article-title":"Acupuncture: a beacon of hope for primary insomnia","volume":"74","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2018.08.005","article-title":"Does auriculotherapy have therapeutic effectiveness? An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"33","author":"Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117601","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia: recommendation mapping of the global clinical guidelines","volume":"322","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0065","article-title":"Acupuncture and moxibustion in patients with cancer-related insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0070","article-title":"Effectiveness of auricular acupuncture for insomnia: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"2020","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.856093","article-title":"Association of acupuncture and auricular acupressure with the improvement of sleep disturbances in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-022-3581-0","article-title":"Effect of auricular acupoint bloodletting plus auricular acupressure on sleep quality and neuroendocrine level in college students with primary insomnia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00232","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials","volume":"152","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0090","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00330-6","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia","volume":"53","author":"Backhaus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0100","first-page":"103","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601","article-title":"The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response","volume":"34","author":"Morin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.02.012","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment on primary insomnia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0115","series-title":"Standardized manipulations of acupuncture and moxibustion\u2014part 3: ear acupuncture. GB\/T 21709.3-2021","author":"National Technical Committee on Acupuncture and Moxibustion","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0120","series-title":"Nomenclature and location of auricular points. GB\/T 13734-2008","author":"General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12560","article-title":"The SHARE: SHam Acupuncture REporting guidelines and a checklist in clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000504609","article-title":"Effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation for the treatment of chronic insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","article-title":"A self-rating depression scale","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0","article-title":"A rating instrument for anxiety disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667","article-title":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment","volume":"28","author":"The WHOQOL Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1089\/jicm.2021.0332","article-title":"Auricular acupressure for hemodialysis patients with insomnia: a multicenter double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Integr Complement Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2546-2","article-title":"Auricular acupressure for insomnia in hemodialysis patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2019.11.15","article-title":"Placebo effect of acupuncture on insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0175","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of auriculotherapy research trends over the past 20 years","volume":"82","author":"Hughes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/495684","article-title":"The history, mechanism, and clinical application of auricular therapy in traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"2015","author":"Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2018.1294","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture for chronic pain and insomnia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Garner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2024.2333232","article-title":"A scoping review of mechanisms of auricular acupuncture for treatment of pain","volume":"136","author":"Elliott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0195","article-title":"Brain functional mechanisms determining the efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in primary insomnia","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101296","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation could improve the effective rate on the quality of sleep in the treatment of primary insomnia: a randomized control trial","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0205","first-page":"274","article-title":"The application of bloodletting in acupuncture therapy","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124775.x","article-title":"Bloodletting: the story of a therapeutic technique","volume":"163","author":"Kerridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-020-3093-8","article-title":"Wake-promoting effect of bloodletting puncture at hand twelve Jing-well points in acute stroke patients: a multi-center randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31820159c1","article-title":"The relationship of subjective sleep quality and cardiac autonomic nervous system in postmenopausal women with insomnia under auricular acupressure","volume":"18","author":"Kung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0225","first-page":"750","article-title":"Auricular medicine is the \u201cbridge\u201d of the integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.2009.000760","article-title":"Acupuncture and reflexology for insomnia: a feasibility study","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.04.017","article-title":"Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in people with chronic low back pain: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Eadie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1243029","article-title":"The effects of acupuncture on sleep disorders and its underlying mechanism: a literature review of rodent studies","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2024.05.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Integr Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095496425002018?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095496425002018?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T10:22:12Z","timestamp":1775989332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095496425002018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095496425002018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-4964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-4964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy and safety of auriculotherapy for insomnia disorder: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Integrative Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joim.2025.12.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Shanghai Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}