{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:26:21Z","timestamp":1792977981711,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","joms.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]],"date-time":"2013-10-09T21:40:47Z","timestamp":1381354847000},"page":"959-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Le Fort III Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Conventional Le Fort III Osteotomy in Correction of Syndromic Midfacial Hypoplasia: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Humam","family":"Saltaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Altalibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed H.","family":"Al-Nuaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Tabbaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000115034","article-title":"Clinical features of syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"12","author":"Rice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Oral Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Stability of Le Fort III advancement surgery in children with Crouzon's, Apert's, and Pfeiffer's syndromes","volume":"23","author":"Bachmayer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib3","first-page":"91","article-title":"Stability of the maxilla after Le Fort III advancement in craniosynostosis syndromes","volume":"23","author":"Ousterhout","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.04.006","article-title":"Advancement of the midface, from conventional Le Fort III osteotomy to Le Fort III distraction: Review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Nout","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(50)80019-X","article-title":"Operative correction by osteotomy of recessed malar maxillary compound in a case of oxycephaly","volume":"3","author":"Gillies","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197111000-00002","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis: Crouzon's and Apert's diseases","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib7","first-page":"273","article-title":"Total facial osteotomy: Crouzon's syndrome, Apert's syndrome: Oxycephaly, scaphocephaly, turricephaly","volume":"12","author":"Tessier","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196804000-00001","article-title":"Mid-face osteotomy and advancement for craniosynostosis","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"1968","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196907000-00001","article-title":"Surgical correction of congenital midface retrusion in the presence of mandibular prognathism","volume":"44","author":"Jabaley","year":"1969","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199509000-00007","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis of the human craniofacial skeleton: Initial experience with new distraction system","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199905000-00013","article-title":"Monobloc and facial bipartition distraction with internal devices","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib12","first-page":"1998","article-title":"Monobloc distraction osteogenesis during infancy: Report of a case and presentation of a new device","volume":"101","author":"Cohen","year":"1919","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200203000-00014","article-title":"Le Fort III internal distraction in syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"13","author":"Holmes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.01.003","article-title":"Craniofacial team management in Apert syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Oberoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31815cddc8","article-title":"Relapse following frontofacial advancement using the rigid external distractor","volume":"19","author":"Witherow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199305000-00003","article-title":"Complications with facial advancement: A comparison between the Le Fort III and monobloc advancements","volume":"91","author":"Fearon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318176ac83","article-title":"Blindness as a complication of monobloc frontofacial advancement with distraction","volume":"19","author":"Alonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181da87df","article-title":"Major morbidity and mortality rates in craniofacial surgery: An analysis of 8101 major procedures","volume":"126","author":"Czerwinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a2057e","article-title":"Pfeiffer syndrome: A treatment evaluation","volume":"123","author":"Fearon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000233010.15984.4d","article-title":"Monobloc advancement by distraction osteogenesis decreases morbidity and relapse","volume":"118","author":"Bradley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2004.04.009","article-title":"Fronto-orbital advancement with simultaneous LeFort III-distraction","volume":"32","author":"Kubler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"63","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib24","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S, eds: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. Accessed February 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181e6051e","article-title":"Evaluation of three surgical techniques for advancement of the midface in growing children with syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"126","author":"Shetye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.09.048","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of syndromic craniosynostosis after Le Fort III halo distraction: A cephalometric and CT evaluation","volume":"65","author":"Meazzini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824e2549","article-title":"Le Fort III external midface distraction: Surgical outcomes and skeletal stability","volume":"23","author":"Iannetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.11.010","article-title":"Dual midfacial distraction osteogenesis for Crouzon syndrome: Long-term follow-up study for relapse and growth","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181eff362","article-title":"Computed tomographic analysis of temporal maxillary stability and pterygomaxillary generate formation following pediatric Le Fort III distraction advancement","volume":"126","author":"Hopper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000160271.08827.15","article-title":"Halo distraction of the Le Fort III in syndromic craniosynostosis: A long-term assessment","volume":"115","author":"Fearon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000267422.37907.6f","article-title":"Midterm follow-up of midface distraction for syndromic craniosynostosis: A clinical and cephalometric study","volume":"120","author":"Shetye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942009000300015","article-title":"Evaluation of cephalometric points in midface bone lengthening with the use of a rigid external device in syndromic craniosynostosis patients","volume":"75","author":"Lima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181e60502","article-title":"A 10-year study of skeletal stability and growth of the midface following Le Fort III advancement in syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"126","author":"Shetye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90007-7","article-title":"Maxillary growth following Le Fort III advancement surgery in Crouzon, Apert, and Pfeiffer syndromes","volume":"90","author":"Bachmayer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Orthodont Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200605000-00019","article-title":"Gradual distraction fronto-orbital advancement with \u201cfloating forehead\u201d for patients with syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"17","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31818b494e","article-title":"Lateral orbital expansion and gradual fronto-orbital advancement: An option to treat severe syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"19","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31821c0fef","article-title":"Dynamic total skull remodeling by a combination of morcellation craniotomy with distraction osteogenesis: The MoD procedure","volume":"22","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.01.029","article-title":"Midfacial distraction using a transfacial pinning technique for syndromic craniosynostosis with obstructive respiratory disorders","volume":"63","author":"Mitsukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000194177.21916.f1","article-title":"Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis in syndromal craniosynostosis","volume":"17","author":"Meling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.11.015","article-title":"Comparison of perioperative morbidity after Le Fort III and monobloc distraction osteogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Meling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib43","first-page":"153","article-title":"Trans-facial distraction of the facial skull at the Le Fort III level","volume":"6","author":"Kubler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000244865.80498.95","article-title":"Bone deposition\/generation with Le Fort III (midface) distraction","volume":"119","author":"Jensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-002-0440-1","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of severe midfacial hypoplasia","volume":"7","author":"Hierl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318208d2de","article-title":"Quantitative computed tomographic scan and polysomnographic analysis of patients with syndromic midface hypoplasia before and after Le Fort III distraction advancement","volume":"127","author":"Ettinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199411000-00005","article-title":"Le Fort type III osteotomy for midface deficiency in selected cleft palate patients","volume":"5","author":"Denny","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182418f80","article-title":"Midfacial distraction without osteotomy using a transfacial pin and external devices","volume":"23","author":"Coeugniet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488E","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182412820","article-title":"Frontofacial monobloc distraction in the very young: A review of 12 consecutive cases","volume":"129","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib50","first-page":"25","article-title":"Multidisciplinary treatment for severe syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"37","author":"Uyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000305538.75347.52","article-title":"Functional outcomes in monobloc advancement by distraction using the rigid external distractor device","volume":"121","author":"Witherow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e3181334a11","article-title":"A novel model surgery technique for Le Fort III advancement","volume":"18","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000112749.21267.0A","article-title":"Midface distraction using spring scale attached to rigid external device","volume":"113","author":"Tun\u00e7bilek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.09.009","article-title":"Combined push-pull distraction for correction of syndromic midfacial hypoplasia","volume":"64","author":"Schulten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181774308","article-title":"Three-dimensional image analysis of facial skeletal changes after monobloc and bipartition distraction","volume":"122","author":"Ponniah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SCS.0000157201.81438.31","article-title":"Le Fort III advancement osteotomy in the growing child affected by Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes: Presurgical and postsurgical growth","volume":"16","author":"Meazzini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.06.019","article-title":"Complications in maxillary distraction using the RED II device: A retrospective analysis of 21 patients","volume":"35","author":"Nout","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.04.005","article-title":"Orbital change following Le Fort III advancement in syndromic craniosynostosis: Quantitative evaluation of orbital volume, infra-orbital rim and globe position","volume":"40","author":"Nout","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199493030-00007","article-title":"Apert syndrome: Quantitative assessment by CT scan of presenting deformity and surgical results after first-stage reconstruction","volume":"93","author":"Posnick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-1768(04)72907-1","article-title":"Quadruple internal distraction with early frontal-facial advancement for faciocraniodysostosis","volume":"105","author":"Arnaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199311000-00005","article-title":"Crouzon syndrome: Quantitative assessment of presenting deformity and surgical results based on CT scans","volume":"92","author":"Posnick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(89)80002-3","article-title":"Effect of Le Fort III osteotomy on mandibular growth in patients with Crouzon and Apert syndromes","volume":"47","author":"Bu","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib63","first-page":"58","article-title":"Surgical correction of Crouzon syndrome using Le Fort III advancement osteotomy","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30822-1","article-title":"Surgical correction of the craniofacial anomalies in Apert syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Mulliken","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000204865.97302.5c","article-title":"Le Fort III osteotomy or distraction osteogenesis imperfecta: Your choice","volume":"117","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199003000-00002","article-title":"Surgical correction of Crouzon syndrome","volume":"85","author":"David","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib67","first-page":"78","article-title":"Pre- and postsurgical facial growth in patients with Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes","volume":"23","author":"Kreiborg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib68","first-page":"75","article-title":"Midface position after Le Fort III advancement: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Kaban","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199709001-00001","article-title":"Le Fort III advancement with gradual distraction using internal devices","volume":"100","author":"Chin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.01.028","article-title":"Maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis for Marshall-Smith syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Mitsukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266435602002474","article-title":"Long-term results of distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla and midface","volume":"40","author":"Wiltfang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182362a2f","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of midface position after Le Fort III advancement: A 20-plus-year follow-up","volume":"129","author":"Warren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000278068.99643.8e","article-title":"Reduction of morbidity of the frontofacial monobloc advancement in children by the use of internal distraction","volume":"120","author":"Arnaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000235110.92988.fb","article-title":"Le Fort III midfacial distraction using an internal distraction device for syndromic craniosynostosis: Device selection, problems, indications, and a proposal for use of a parallel bar for device-setting","volume":"17","author":"Satoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1597\/08-191_1","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary permanent molars in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis after monobloc osteotomy and midface advancement with rigid external distraction (RED)","volume":"47","author":"Sant\u2019Anna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181b6c634","article-title":"Reossification of cranium and zygomatic arch after monobloc frontofacial distraction advancement for syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"20","author":"Oyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318207798a","article-title":"Transsutural distraction osteogenesis versus osteotomy distraction osteogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318207f26e","article-title":"Outcome of early rigid fixation and removal of rigid external distraction system after distraction osteogenesis of the midface","volume":"22","author":"Yun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199803000-00003","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis and its application to the midface and bony orbit in craniosynostosis syndromes","volume":"9","author":"Toth","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199902000-00010","article-title":"Advancement of the midface using distraction techniques","volume":"103","author":"Cedars","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199508000-00005","article-title":"20-Year experience with early surgery for craniosynostosis","volume":"96","author":"McCarthy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(77)80121-5","article-title":"Results of osteotomies of the facial skeleton in adolescence","volume":"5","author":"Freihofer","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199606000-00007","article-title":"The effect of cleft lip repair on maxillary morphology in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate","volume":"97","author":"Kapucu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0026_tbfpot_2.3.co_2","article-title":"The basis for presurgical orthopedic treatment of infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate","volume":"37","author":"Kozelj","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200110000-00001","article-title":"Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis: a review of 3278 cases","volume":"108","author":"Mofid","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.4.2.53","article-title":"Growth of the maxilla in three dimensions as revealed radiographically by the implant method","volume":"4","author":"Bjork","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90003-5","article-title":"Quantitation of maxillary remodeling. 2. Masking of remodeling effects when an \u201canatomical\u201d method of superimposition is used in the absence of metallic implants","volume":"91","author":"Baumrind","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199812000-00008","article-title":"Airway management in children with major craniofacial anomalies","volume":"108","author":"Sculerati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.03.009","article-title":"Maxillary advancement with conventional orthognathic surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate: Is it a stable technique?","volume":"70","author":"Saltaji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.2319\/011212-27.1","article-title":"Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"82","author":"Saltaji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000028982","article-title":"Monobloc and midface distraction osteogenesis in pediatric patients with severe syndromal craniosynostosis","volume":"33","author":"Meling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200401000-00017","article-title":"Fronto-facial monobloc advancement with Rigid External Distraction (RED-II) system","volume":"15","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200309000-00030","article-title":"Monobloc distraction: Technical modification and considerations","volume":"14","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199305000-00001","article-title":"The monobloc frontofacial advancement: Do the pluses outweigh the minuses?","volume":"91","author":"Wolfe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199605000-00005","article-title":"Monobloc and facial bipartition osteotomies for reconstruction of craniofacial malformations: A study of extradural dead space and morbidity","volume":"97","author":"Posnick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(73)80009-8","article-title":"Results after midface-osteotomies","volume":"1","author":"Freihofer","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00013","article-title":"Blindness as a complication of Le Fort osteotomies: Role of atypical fracture patterns and distortion of the optic canal","volume":"102","author":"Girotto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1997.0213","article-title":"Maxillary distraction osteogenesis in Pfeiffer's syndrome: Urgent ocular protection by gradual midfacial skeletal advancement","volume":"51","author":"Britto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200309000-00035","article-title":"Rigid external distraction of the midface with direct wiring of the distraction unit in patients with craniofacial dysplasia","volume":"14","author":"Mavili","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200106000-00029","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton","volume":"107","author":"McCarthy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00244-1","article-title":"Le Fort III osteotomy: A new internal positioned distractor","volume":"61","author":"Riediger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2000.0033","article-title":"Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis: A review of the literature: Part 1: Clinical studies","volume":"30","author":"Swennen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.09.021","article-title":"Intracranial migration of a halo pin during distraction osteogenesis for maxillary hypoplasia: Case report and literature review","volume":"64","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0401_imohfp_2.0.co_2","article-title":"Intracranial migration of halo fixation pins: A complication of using an extraoral distraction device","volume":"38","author":"Le","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200205000-00004","article-title":"Midface distraction following Le Fort III and monobloc osteotomies: Problems and solutions","volume":"109","author":"Gosain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/29.3.221","article-title":"Jr: Moving forward by looking back: \u2018Retrospective\u2019 clinical studies","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239113012329?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239113012329?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T16:44:16Z","timestamp":1759509856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278239113012329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278239113012329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Le Fort III Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Conventional Le Fort III Osteotomy in Correction of Syndromic Midfacial Hypoplasia: A Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}