{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T18:41:29Z","timestamp":1773945689983,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","joms.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T03:44:30Z","timestamp":1415331870000},"page":"571.e1-571.e10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Regional Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Reappraisal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Colletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Tewfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bardazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Allevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Chiapasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mandal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Rabbiosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000233203.84078.6b","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes between university hospitals and community hospitals","volume":"118","author":"Gusenoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib2","first-page":"349","article-title":"The free fibula flap for treating benign mandibular lesions","volume":"56","author":"Biglioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib3","first-page":"329","article-title":"Autonomized flaps in secondary head and neck reconstructions","volume":"32","author":"Colletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.05.004","article-title":"Flap associations in the reconstruction of extensive head and neck defects","volume":"37","author":"Bianchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.22933","article-title":"Cheek mucosa: A versatile donor site of myomucosal flaps: Technical and functional considerations","volume":"35","author":"Massarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980080606","article-title":"The buccal pad of fat: A review","volume":"8","author":"Tostevin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.117875","article-title":"Buccinator-based myomucosal flaps in intraoral reconstruction: A review and new classification","volume":"4","author":"Rahpeyma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2007.02.012","article-title":"Reconstruction of hard palate defects using a facial artery musculomucosal flap","volume":"53","author":"Albert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.126077","article-title":"The temporalis muscle flap in reconstruction of intraoral defects: An appraisal of the technique","volume":"94","author":"Abubaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.15.5.215","article-title":"A new product growth model for consumer durables","volume":"15","author":"Bass","year":"1969","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G79","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.14.3.G79","article-title":"Diffusion of new products: Empirical generalizations and managerial uses","volume":"14","author":"Mahajan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Market Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib12","unstructured":"Ray-ban wayfahrer. Available at: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer. Accessed December 3, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196508000-00004","article-title":"A two-stage method for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with a primary pectoral skin flap","volume":"36","author":"Bakamjian","year":"1965","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib14","first-page":"141","article-title":"Sopra il mio nuovo processo di amputazione della mammella","volume":"57","author":"Tansini","year":"1906","journal-title":"Gaz Med Hal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80541-0","article-title":"Complications of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"160","author":"Shah","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199008000-00003","article-title":"Analysis of complications in 168 pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps used for head and neck reconstruction","volume":"25","author":"Kroll","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.07.016","article-title":"Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap\u2014Still a workhorse for maxillofacial reconstruction in developing countries","volume":"71","author":"Gadre","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.03.024","article-title":"Comparison between free flap and pectoralis major pedicled flap for reconstruction in oral cavity cancer patients\u2014A quality of life analysis","volume":"47","author":"Hsing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23775","article-title":"Outcomes in head and neck reconstruction by surgical site and donor site","volume":"123","author":"Frederick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000036","article-title":"The lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction: Two decades of clinical experience","volume":"71","author":"Ou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibber MJ, Clain JB, Jacobson AS, et\u00a0al: The subscapular system of flaps: An 8-year experience with 105 patients. Head Neck Epub 2014 May\u00a07.","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23738"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1916-0216-43-1","article-title":"Long-term functional donor site morbidity of the free radial forearm flap in head and neck cancer survivor","volume":"43","author":"Orlik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328362ceef","article-title":"The evolving role of free flaps and pedicled flaps in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"21","author":"Hayden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2013.67.275-277","article-title":"Reconstructive option of extensive head and neck defects in cancer surgery","volume":"67","author":"Vucak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.11.017","article-title":"A comparison of free anterolateral thigh and latissimus dorsi flaps in soft tissue reconstruction of extensive defects in the head and neck region","volume":"42","author":"Horn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197907000-00001","article-title":"Experience with thirteen latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flaps","volume":"64","author":"Maxwell","year":"1979","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.06.022","article-title":"Extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial defects","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e379","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31829031d6","article-title":"The reconstruction of the spheno-orbital region using latissimus dorsi flap and costal graft","volume":"24","author":"Biglioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.07.023","article-title":"The folded radial forearm flap in soft-palate and tonsillary fossa reconstruction: Technical note","volume":"37","author":"Biglioli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182a2355a","article-title":"Repair of cocaine-related oronasal fistula with forearm radial free flap","volume":"24","author":"Colletti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.03.013","article-title":"Comprehensive surgical management of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions","volume":"72","author":"Colletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900070075012","article-title":"Comparison of cost and function in reconstruction of the posterior oral cavity and oropharynx: Free vs pedicled soft tissue transfer","volume":"123","author":"Tsue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib33","first-page":"380","article-title":"Cost analysis in oral cavity and oropharyngeal reconstructions with microvascular and pedicled flaps","volume":"33","author":"Deganello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180536705","article-title":"Salvage surgery with free flap reconstruction: Factors affecting outcome after treatment of recurrent head and neck squamous carcinoma","volume":"117","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24671","article-title":"What is the role of flap reconstruction in salvage total laryngectomy?","volume":"124","author":"Lian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200110000-00007","article-title":"The outcome of failed free flaps in head and neck and extremity reconstruction: What is next in the reconstructive ladder?","volume":"108","author":"Wei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000254400.29522.1c","article-title":"Analysis of salvage treatments following the failure of free flap transfer caused by vascular thrombosis in reconstruction for head and neck cancer","volume":"119","author":"Okazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239114016206?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239114016206?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T16:46:23Z","timestamp":1759509983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278239114016206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278239114016206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Regional Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Reappraisal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}