{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1768588773585,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","joms.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T23:40:41Z","timestamp":1522107641000},"page":"1651.e1-1651.e13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Medicolegal Considerations Involving Iatrogenic Lingual Nerve Damage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0855-1416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Pippi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Spota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4575-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2003.50036","article-title":"Litigation and the lingual nerve","volume":"61","author":"Lydiatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12313","article-title":"Evidence-based outcomes following inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury and repair: A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Kushnerev","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.06.034","article-title":"Lingual nerve deficit following mandibular third molar removal: Review of the literature and medicolegal considerations","volume":"113","author":"Boffano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.11.004","article-title":"Lingual nerve injury following use of a supraglottic airway device","volume":"52","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.12.040","article-title":"Prevention of lingual nerve injury in third molar surgery: Literature review","volume":"75","author":"Pippi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.06.004","article-title":"Lingual nerve injury in third molar surgery I. Observations on recovery of sensation with spontaneous healing","volume":"36","author":"Hillerup","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.111","article-title":"Retrospective review of microsurgical repair of 222 lingual nerve injuries","volume":"68","author":"Bagheri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90029-9","article-title":"Lingual nerve paresthesia following third molar surgery: A retrospective clinical study","volume":"84","author":"Fielding","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.11.010","article-title":"Incidence of neurosensory deficits and recovery after lower third molar surgery: A prospective clinical study of 4338 cases","volume":"39","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib10","series-title":"Oral Anatomy","author":"Sicher","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0466-2","article-title":"Spatial relationships between lingual nerve and mandibular ramus: Original study method, clinical and educational applications","volume":"31","author":"Trost","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.10.014","article-title":"Clinical anatomy of the lingual nerve and identification with ultrasonography","volume":"51","author":"Benninger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-003-0179-x","article-title":"Topographic anatomy of the lingual nerve and variations in communication pattern of the mandibular nerve branches","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0133","article-title":"Lingual nerve damage due to inferior alveolar nerve blocks: A possible explanation","volume":"134","author":"Pogrel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90085-5","article-title":"Clinical and anatomic observations on the relationship of the lingual nerve to the mandibular third molar region","volume":"42","author":"Kiesselbach","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(95)90630-4","article-title":"The relationship of the lingual nerve to the mandibular third molar region: An anatomic study","volume":"53","author":"Pogrel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90228-7","article-title":"Assessment of the lingual nerve in the third molar region using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"55","author":"Miloro","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(00)90159-9","article-title":"An anatomic study of the lingual nerve in the third molar region","volume":"58","author":"Behnia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib19","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Anatomical relationship of lingual nerve to the region of mandibular third molar","volume":"4","author":"Mendes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2007.584","article-title":"The relationship of the lingual nerve to the third molar region using radiographic imaging","volume":"203","author":"Karakas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090506","article-title":"The significance of the lingual nerve during periodontal\/implant surgery","volume":"81","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.01.011","article-title":"Multivariate assessment of site of lingual nerve","volume":"53","author":"Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0064","article-title":"Anatomic position of the lingual nerve in the mandibular third molar region with special consideration of an atrophied mandibular crest: An anatomical study","volume":"30","author":"H\u00f6lzle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e31815c9411","article-title":"Anatomic position of the lingual nerve in the mandibular third molar region as potential risk factors for nerve palsy","volume":"19","author":"Erdogmus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10166","article-title":"Distribution pattern of the human lingual nerve","volume":"17","author":"Zur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-005-0335-6","article-title":"The intra-lingual course of the nerves of the tongue","volume":"27","author":"Toure","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.05.014","article-title":"Details of the intralingual topography and morphology of the lingual nerve","volume":"37","author":"Rusu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2000.0308","article-title":"Permanent nerve involvement resulting from inferior alveolar nerve blocks","volume":"131","author":"Pogrel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1995.0336","article-title":"Nerve damage associated with\u00a0inferior alveolar dental blocks","volume":"126","author":"Pogrel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0013","article-title":"Nerve damage and nerve blocks","volume":"127","author":"Hutchings","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(94)90315-8","article-title":"Barbed needle and inexplicable paresthesias and trismus after dental regional anaesthesia","volume":"77","author":"Stacy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib32","first-page":"319","article-title":"A 21-year retrospective study of reports of paresthesia following local anesthetic administration","volume":"61","author":"Haas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1990.0198","article-title":"Incidence of lingual nerve trauma and postinjection complications in conventional mandibular block anesthesia","volume":"121","author":"Harn","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib34","first-page":"559","article-title":"Nerve injuries after dental injection: A review of the literature","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42637","article-title":"Free radical-induced damage in experimental peripheral nerve injection injury","volume":"19","author":"Saray","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200310000-00032","article-title":"Comparative neurotoxicity of intrathecal and epidural lidocaine in rats","volume":"99","author":"Kirihara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib37","first-page":"579","article-title":"Retrospective review of voluntary reports of nonsurgical paresthesia in dentistry","volume":"75","author":"Gaffen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181e17aef","article-title":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injury: A wartime review","volume":"21","author":"Yegiyants","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.05.060","article-title":"Etiology of lingual nerve injury in the third molar region: A cadaver and histologic study","volume":"64","author":"Pogrel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2006.11.008","article-title":"Legal implications of third molar removal","volume":"19","author":"Hupp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(97)90557-X","article-title":"Protection of the lingual nerve during operations on the mandibular third molar: A simple method","volume":"35","author":"Appiah-Anane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib42","first-page":"168","article-title":"Factors influencing lingual nerve paraesthesia following third molar surgery: A prospective clinical study","volume":"12","author":"CharanBabu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2000.110034","article-title":"Lingual nerve damage after third lower molar surgical extraction","volume":"90","author":"Valmaseda-Castell\u00f3n","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.04.006","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve injuries: Avoidance and management of iatrogenic injury","volume":"27","author":"Nizam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0236","article-title":"Is lingual nerve protection necessary for lower third molar germectomy? A prospective study of 300 procedures","volume":"31","author":"Chossegros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.04.013","article-title":"Lingual flap retraction for third molar removal","volume":"62","author":"Pogrel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.06.076","article-title":"Sensory testing of inferior alveolar nerve injuries: A review of methods used in prospective studies","volume":"67","author":"Poort","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770130405","article-title":"A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena","volume":"13","author":"Wewers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib49","first-page":"268","article-title":"Neurosensory function after sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible: A comparison between subjective evaluation and objective assessment","volume":"14","author":"Westermark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90904-1","article-title":"The accuracy of clinical neurosensory testing for nerve injury diagnosis","volume":"56","author":"Zuniga","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(90)90059-T","article-title":"A method of assessment in cases of lingual nerve injury","volume":"28","author":"Blackburn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90058-0","article-title":"Is short-term neurosensory testing after removal of mandibular third molars efficacious?","volume":"85","author":"de Beukelaer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(89)90184-5","article-title":"Clinical neurosensory testing: Practical applications","volume":"47","author":"Ghali","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.3402.151","article-title":"The assessment of lingual tactile sensation and perception","volume":"34","author":"McCall","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Speech Hear Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(86)90029-0","article-title":"Documentation method for inferior alveolar and lingual nerve paresthesias","volume":"62","author":"Robinson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib56","series-title":"Nerves and Nerve Injuries","author":"Sunderland","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.08.019","article-title":"Comparison of current perception threshold electrical testing to clinical sensory testing for lingual nerve injuries","volume":"70","author":"Ziccardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90420-8","article-title":"Evaluation of long term sensory changes following mandibular augmentation procedures","volume":"24","author":"Bailey","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80638-1","article-title":"Assessment of inferior alveolar and lingual nerve disturbances after dentoalveolar surgery, and recovery of sensitivity","volume":"22","author":"Schultze-Mosgau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.12.016","article-title":"Quantitative thermal sensory testing. Value of testing for both cold and warm sensation detection in evaluation of small fiber neuropathy","volume":"107","author":"Shukla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(98)80028-3","article-title":"Comparison of different tests assessing neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy","volume":"27","author":"Ylikontiola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2000.108920","article-title":"Prediction of recovery from neurosensory deficit after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy","volume":"90","author":"Ylikontiola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.86.1.59","article-title":"Neurophysiological and biophysical evidence on the mechanism of electric taste","volume":"86","author":"Herness","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib64","series-title":"Manual for the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ)","author":"Pilowsky","year":"1983"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib65","first-page":"S467","article-title":"Measures of anxiety: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A)","volume":"63","author":"Julian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(90)90001-T","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potentials following tongue stimulation in normal subjects and patients with lesion of the afferent trigeminal system","volume":"77","author":"Altenmuller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(87)80110-8","article-title":"Normative studies of the TSEP. The basis of an objective sensory testing procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16","author":"Barker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(87)90070-2","article-title":"Applications of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"25","author":"Barker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(92)90054-G","article-title":"Trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials: A normal value study","volume":"20","author":"Pogrel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.1.97","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve stimulation: Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.11.014","article-title":"New method for the objective evaluation of injury to the lingual nerve after operation on third molars","volume":"43","author":"Renton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80562-4","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potential assessment of the inferior alveolar nerve following third molar extraction","volume":"19","author":"Ghali","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00291-6","article-title":"The clinical use of brainstem reflexes and hand-muscle reflexes","volume":"111","author":"Cruccu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250522","article-title":"Contamination of trigeminal evoked potentials by muscular artifacts","volume":"25","author":"Leandri","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0354-0","article-title":"Iatrogenic damage to the\u00a0mandibular nerves as assessed by the masseter inhibitory reflex","volume":"12","author":"Biasiotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2356","article-title":"Clinical application of the blink reflex with stimulation of the mental nerve in lesions of the inferior alveolar nerve","volume":"44","author":"Jaaskelainen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00449.x","article-title":"Blink reflex with stimulation of mental nerve. Methodology, reference values, and some clinical vignettes","volume":"91","author":"Jaaskelainen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh366","article-title":"Brainstem reflex circuits revisited","volume":"128","author":"Cruccu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib79","author":"Norelli"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.08.032","article-title":"Treatment modalities of neurosensory deficit after lower third molar surgery. A systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Leung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.11.090","article-title":"Timing of trigeminal nerve microsurgery: A review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Ziccardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.02.024","article-title":"Current management of damage to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves as a result of removal of third molars","volume":"42","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1308\/204268511X13154691747058","article-title":"Minimizing and managing nerve injuries in dental surgical procedures","volume":"2","author":"Renton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Faculty Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib84","series-title":"Personal Injury and Damage Ascertainment Under Civil Law. State-of-the-Art International Guidelines","first-page":"523","article-title":"International comparative epicrisis on the ascertainment and evaluation of personal injury and damage","author":"Viel","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib85","series-title":"Personal Injury and Damage Ascertainment Under Civil Law. State-of-the-Art International Guidelines","first-page":"507","article-title":"International overview on dental damage compensation","author":"Pinchi","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib87","series-title":"Malpractice and Medical Liability. European State of Art and Guidelines","first-page":"279","article-title":"Requirements and final recommendations","author":"Ferrara","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9563-3","article-title":"What is a surgical complication?","volume":"32","author":"Goslings","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib89","first-page":"39","article-title":"Defining medical error","volume":"48","author":"Grober","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib90","series-title":"Malpractice and Medical Liability. European State of Art and Guidelines","first-page":"69","article-title":"European legislative and juridical overview","author":"Frati","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib91","series-title":"Malpractice and Medical Liability. European State of Art and Guidelines","first-page":"3","article-title":"Present and future perspectives for medical malpractice, responsibility, and liability","author":"Ferrrara","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2010.11.003","article-title":"Medical negligence and informed consent: An overview","volume":"29","author":"Dawson-Bowling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surgery (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.09.025","article-title":"Medical litigation in oral surgery practice: Lessons\u00a0learned from 20 lawsuits","volume":"20","author":"Marei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12222","article-title":"Minimally legally invasive dentistry","volume":"59","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.02.006","article-title":"Frequency of trigeminal nerve injuries following third molar removal","volume":"63","author":"Robert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.10.010","article-title":"Risk factors associated with injury to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves following third molar surgery-revisited","volume":"109","author":"Jerjes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.05.036","article-title":"Informed consent in oral surgery: The value of written information","volume":"69","author":"Ferr\u00fas-Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib98","series-title":"A History and Theory of Informed Consent","author":"Faden","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib99","series-title":"Good practice in consent for examination, treatment or care. Part I. Good practice in consent: Implementation guide for health care","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.04.004","article-title":"Informed consent: What do patients really want to know?","volume":"68","author":"Degerliyurt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(94)90170-8","article-title":"Informed consent in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A study of the value of written warnings","volume":"32","author":"Layton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(92)90182-I","article-title":"Informed consent in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A study of its efficacy","volume":"30","author":"Layton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2010.1182","article-title":"Risk management in clinical practice. Part 11. Oral surgery","volume":"210","author":"Henderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib104","volume":"Vol 2, No. II","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib105","first-page":"87","article-title":"Current standards of material risk","volume":"34","author":"Nixdorf","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2016.05.010","article-title":"Third molar consent forms: How comprehensive should they be?","volume":"54","author":"Britton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2011.06.003","article-title":"Litigation in National Health Service oral and maxillofacial surgery: Review of the last 15 years","volume":"50","author":"Gulati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181.e3","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2001.0212","article-title":"Reasons for patients\u2019 discontent and litigation","volume":"29","author":"Krause","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239118302787?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239118302787?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T16:55:26Z","timestamp":1759510526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278239118302787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278239118302787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medicolegal Considerations Involving Iatrogenic Lingual Nerve Damage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}